Design and development of chiral reagents for the chromatographic e.e. determination of chiral alcohols
Corresponding Author
Willi Walther
Pharma Research New Technologies (W.W.) and Vitamin Research and Technology Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
Pharma Research New Technologies (W.W.) and Vitamin Research and Technology Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorThomas Netscher
Pharma Research New Technologies (W.W.) and Vitamin Research and Technology Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Willi Walther
Pharma Research New Technologies (W.W.) and Vitamin Research and Technology Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
Pharma Research New Technologies (W.W.) and Vitamin Research and Technology Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorThomas Netscher
Pharma Research New Technologies (W.W.) and Vitamin Research and Technology Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
(S)-Trolox methyl ether is known as a powerful chiral reagent for the e.e. determination of chiral alcohols by separation of the corresponding diastereoisomeric esters on achiral GC and SFC columns. In order to further improve his methodology, five possible candidates resultings from variation of structural elements of parent reagent have been tested for derivatization with selected alcohols and subsequent analysis of the diastereoisomeric pairs of esters. The results of this optimization procedure showing the ways to new potent reagents are discussed. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Literature Cited
- 1 Görög, S., Gazdag, M. Enantiomeric derivatization for biomedical chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B. Biomed. Appl. 659: 51–84, 1994. Darbourne, A., ed. Overcoming the problems of chiral synthesis. Scrip Mag. 16–18, Feb. 1993.
- 2 Stinson, S.C. Chiral drugs. Chem. Eng. News 72: 38–72, Sept. 1994.
- 3 De Camp, W.H. The FDA perspective on the development of stereoisomers. Chirality 1: 2–6, 1989.
- 4 Shindo, H., Caldwell, J. Regulatory aspects of the development of chiral drugs in Japan: A status report. Chirality 3: 91–93, 1991. Cayen, M.N. Racemic mixtures and single stereoisomers: Industrial concerns and issues in drug development. Chirality 3: 94–98, 1991. Shindo, H., Caldwell, J. Development of chiral drugs in Japan: An update on regulatory and industrial opinion. Chirality 7: 349–352, 1995.
- 5 König, W.A. The Practice of Enantiomer Separation by Capillary Gas Chromatography. Heidelberg: Hüthig, 1987.
- 6 Taylor, D.R., Maher, K. Chiral separations by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 30: 67–85, 1992.
- 7
Ahuja, S.
Chiral Separations by Liquid Chromatography.
ACS Symposium Series 471.
American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C.,
1991.
10.1021/bk-1991-0471 Google Scholar
- 8 J.D. Morrison, ed. Asymmetric Synthesis, Vol. 1. Analytical Methods. New York: Academic Press, 1983.
- 9 Nowotny, H.-P., Schmalzing, D., Wistuba, D., Schurig, V. Extending the scope of enantiomer separation on diluted methylated β-cyclodextrin derivatives by high-resolution gas chromatography. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 12: 383–393, 1989.
- 10 Fischer, P., Aichholz, R., Bölz, U., Juza, M., Krimmer, S. Polysiloxan-gebundenes Permethyl-β-cyclodextrin-eine chirale stationäre Phase mit großer Anwendungsbreite in der gaschromatographischen Enantiomerentrennung. Angew. Chem. 102: 439–441, 1990. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 29: 427, 1990.
- 11 Schurig, V., Schmalzing, D., Mühleck, U., Jung, M., Schleimer, M., Mussche, Ph., Duvekot, C., Buyten, J.C. Gas chromatographic enantiomer separation on polysiloxane-anchored permethyl-β-cyclodextrin (Chirasil-Dex). J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 13: 713–717, 1990.
- 12 König, W.A., Lutz, S., Hagen, M., Krebber, R., Wenz, G., Baldenius, K., Ehlers, J., tom Dieck, H. Cyclodextrins as chiral stationary phases in capillary gas chromatography. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 12: 35–39, 1989.
- 13 Schurig, V., Nowotny, H.-P. Gaschromatographische Enantiomerentrennung an Cyclodextrinderivaten. Angew. Chem. 102: 969–986; 1990; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 29: 939, 1990.
- 14 Walther, W., Vetter, W., Vecchi, M., Schneider, H., Müller, R.K., Netscher, Th. (S)-TroloxTM methy ether: A powerful derivatizing reagent for the GC determination of the enantiomers of aliphatic alcohols. Chimia 45: 121–123, 1991.
- 15 Walther, W., Vetter, W., Netscher, Th. (S)-TroloxTM methyl ether, a powerful derivatizing reagent for the determination of the enantiomeric purity of chiral alcohols by GC and SFC with achiral columns. J. Microcol. Sep. 4: 45–49, 1992.
- 16
Scott, J.W.,
Cort, W.M.,
Harley, H.,
Parrish, D.R.,
Saucy, G.
6-Hydroxychroman-2-carboxylic Acids: Novel antioxidants.
J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.
51: 200–203,
1974.
Dolby, L.J.,
Elliger, C.A.,
Esfandiari, S.,
Marshall, K.S.
The reaction of 2-methoxybutadiene with enols and phenols, a novel claisen rearrangement.
J. Org. Chem.
33: 4508–4511,
1968.
Saá, J.M.,
Dopico, M.,
Martorell, G.,
García-Raso, A.
Deoxygenation of highly hindered phenols.
J. Org. Chem.
55: 991–995,
1990.
10.1021/jo00290a033 Google ScholarShiner Jr., V.J., Tai, J.J. Deuterium isotope effects for migrating and nonmigrating groups in the solvolysis of neopentyltype esters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103: 436–442, 1981. compound 6 is described in: Rao, G.S.R.S., Murthy, A.R.K., Sundar, N.S. Stepwise reduction & reductive methylation of 2-naphthoic acids. Indian J. Chem. 16B: 1027–1028, 1978. Murthy, A.R., Sundar, N.S., Rao, G.S.R.S. Studies in metal-ammonia reduction—reduction and reductive methylation of some naphthoic acids. Tetrahedron 38: 2831–2836, 1982; detailed experimental procedures will be given elsewhere.
- 17 Netscher, Th., Bohrer, P. Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction at the (Oxo-) Neopentylic Center in the Synthesis of Tocopherols and Analogues. Fall Meeting of the New Swiss Chemical Society, Basel, Switzerland, October 22, 1993, Organic Chemistry, Poster; Chimia 47: 295, 1993. Bohrer, P., Netscher, Th. Synthesis of Tocopherols by a Copper-Catalyzed Neopentyl-Like C-Substitution. Eighth European Symposium on Organic Chemistry, Sitges, Barcelona, Spain, August 29–September 3, 1993, Communication MP-111 (Poster).
- 18 Netscher, Th., Bohrer, P., Outten, R.A., Schneider, H., Müller, R.K., Glinz, E., Walther, W., Ranalder, U.B. First Total Synthesis of (2R,4′R,8′R)-γ-Tocopherol and Complete Chromatographic Separation and Assignment of All Eight Stereoisomers of a Simple γ-Tocopherol Derivative. Ischia Advanced School of Organic Chemistry—VI Session, Ischia Porto, Napoli, Italy, Sept. 25–30, 1994, Poster.
- 19
Maas, B.,
Dietrich, A.,
Mosandl, A.
Collection of enantiomer separation factors obtained by capillary gas chromatography on chiral stationary phases.
J. High Resolut. Chromatogr.
17: 169–173,
1994:
alcohols 7,8,9,10.
Mosandl, A.,
Rettinger, K.,
Fischer, K.,
Schubert, V.,
Schmarr, H.-G.,
Maas, B.
Stereoisomeric flavor compounds XLI: New applications of permethylated β-cyclodextrin phase in chiral CGC analysis.
J. High Resolut. Chromatogr.
13: 382–385,
1990:
alcohols 9,10.
König, W.A.
Collection of enantiomeric separation factors obtained by capillary gas chromatography on chiral stationary phases.
J. High Resolut. Chromatogr.
16: 569–536,
1993.
10.1002/jhrc.1240161003 Google ScholarKönig, W.A., Krebber, R., Evers, P., Bruhn, G. Stereochemical analysis of constituents of essential oils and flavor compounds by enantioselective capillary gas chromatography. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 13: 328–332, 1990: alcohol 8 (trifluoroacetate derivative): alcohol 11 has not yet been resolved to our knowledge.
- 20
Mayer, H.,
Isler, O.
Synthesis of vitamins E.
Methods Enzymol.
18: 241–348,
1971, and cit. lit.
10.1016/S0076-6879(71)18029-9 Google Scholar
- 21 Stocker, A., Netcher, Th., Rüttimann, A., Müller, R.K., Schneider, H., Todaro, L.J., Derungs, G., Woggon, W.-D. The reaction mechanism of chromanol-ring formation catalyzed by tocopherol cyclase from Anabaena variabilis Kützing (Cyanobacteria). Helv. Chim. Acta 77: 1721–1737, 1994.
- 22 Müller, R.K., Scheneider, H., Schneider, J., F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Basel. Unpublished work.
- 23 Cohen, N., Scott, C.G., Neukom, Ch., Lopresti, R.J., Weber, G., Saucy, G. Total synthesis of all eight stereoisomers of α-tocopheryl acetate. Determination of their diastereoisomeric and enantiomeric purity by gas chromatography. Helv. Chim. Acta 64: 1158–1173, 1981; the original separation of diastereoisomers has been performed with the trimethylsilyl ether derivative. Slover, H.T., Thompson, Jr., R.H. Chromatographic separation of the stereoisomers of α-tocopherol. Lipids 16: 268–275, 1981.
- 24 Vecchi, M., Walther, W., Glinz, E., Netscher, Th., Schmid, R., Lalonde, M. und Vetter, W. Chromatographische Trennung und quantitative Bestimmung aller acht Stereoisomeren von α-Tocopherol. Helv. Chim. Acta 73: 782–789, 1990.
- 25 Ettre, L.S. Unified nomenclature for chromatography. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 16: 258–261, 1993.
- 26 Th. Netscher, P. Bohrer, S. Specht, P. Fechter, E. Glinz, W. Walther, unpublished results.