Developing a “Sponge Catchment Management Plan (SCMP)” framework at the catchment scale: The case of Guiyang, SW China
Corresponding Author
Yunfei Qi
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
Guizhou Water & Power Survey—Design Institute Co., Ltd, Guiyang, China
Correspondence Yunfei Qi, Faith Ka Shun Chan and Meili Feng, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected] and [email protected]
James Griffiths, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Christchurch 8602, New Zealand.
Email: [email protected]
Michael Hutchins, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxford OX10 8BB, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Emily O'Donnell and Colin Thorne, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Email: emily.o'[email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Faith Ka Shun Chan
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Water@Leeds Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Correspondence Yunfei Qi, Faith Ka Shun Chan and Meili Feng, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected] and [email protected]
James Griffiths, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Christchurch 8602, New Zealand.
Email: [email protected]
Michael Hutchins, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxford OX10 8BB, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Emily O'Donnell and Colin Thorne, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Email: emily.o'[email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Meili Feng
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
Correspondence Yunfei Qi, Faith Ka Shun Chan and Meili Feng, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected] and [email protected]
James Griffiths, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Christchurch 8602, New Zealand.
Email: [email protected]
Michael Hutchins, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxford OX10 8BB, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Emily O'Donnell and Colin Thorne, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Email: emily.o'[email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
James Griffiths
National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Christchurch, New Zealand
Correspondence Yunfei Qi, Faith Ka Shun Chan and Meili Feng, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected] and [email protected]
James Griffiths, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Christchurch 8602, New Zealand.
Email: [email protected]
Michael Hutchins, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxford OX10 8BB, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Emily O'Donnell and Colin Thorne, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Email: emily.o'[email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Michael Hutchins
UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Oxford, UK
Correspondence Yunfei Qi, Faith Ka Shun Chan and Meili Feng, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected] and [email protected]
James Griffiths, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Christchurch 8602, New Zealand.
Email: [email protected]
Michael Hutchins, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxford OX10 8BB, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Emily O'Donnell and Colin Thorne, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Email: emily.o'[email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Emily O'Donnell
School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Correspondence Yunfei Qi, Faith Ka Shun Chan and Meili Feng, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected] and [email protected]
James Griffiths, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Christchurch 8602, New Zealand.
Email: [email protected]
Michael Hutchins, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxford OX10 8BB, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Emily O'Donnell and Colin Thorne, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Email: emily.o'[email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Colin Thorne
School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Correspondence Yunfei Qi, Faith Ka Shun Chan and Meili Feng, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected] and [email protected]
James Griffiths, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Christchurch 8602, New Zealand.
Email: [email protected]
Michael Hutchins, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxford OX10 8BB, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Emily O'Donnell and Colin Thorne, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Email: emily.o'[email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorLingyun Liu
Guizhou Water & Power Survey—Design Institute Co., Ltd, Guiyang, China
Search for more papers by this authorChunguang Zhang
Guizhou Water & Power Survey—Design Institute Co., Ltd, Guiyang, China
Search for more papers by this authorXinan Li
Guizhou Water & Power Survey—Design Institute Co., Ltd, Guiyang, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yunfei Qi
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
Guizhou Water & Power Survey—Design Institute Co., Ltd, Guiyang, China
Correspondence Yunfei Qi, Faith Ka Shun Chan and Meili Feng, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected] and [email protected]
James Griffiths, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Christchurch 8602, New Zealand.
Email: [email protected]
Michael Hutchins, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxford OX10 8BB, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Emily O'Donnell and Colin Thorne, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Email: emily.o'[email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Faith Ka Shun Chan
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Water@Leeds Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Correspondence Yunfei Qi, Faith Ka Shun Chan and Meili Feng, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected] and [email protected]
James Griffiths, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Christchurch 8602, New Zealand.
Email: [email protected]
Michael Hutchins, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxford OX10 8BB, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Emily O'Donnell and Colin Thorne, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Email: emily.o'[email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Meili Feng
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
Correspondence Yunfei Qi, Faith Ka Shun Chan and Meili Feng, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected] and [email protected]
James Griffiths, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Christchurch 8602, New Zealand.
Email: [email protected]
Michael Hutchins, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxford OX10 8BB, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Emily O'Donnell and Colin Thorne, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Email: emily.o'[email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
James Griffiths
National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Christchurch, New Zealand
Correspondence Yunfei Qi, Faith Ka Shun Chan and Meili Feng, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected] and [email protected]
James Griffiths, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Christchurch 8602, New Zealand.
Email: [email protected]
Michael Hutchins, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxford OX10 8BB, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Emily O'Donnell and Colin Thorne, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Email: emily.o'[email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Michael Hutchins
UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Oxford, UK
Correspondence Yunfei Qi, Faith Ka Shun Chan and Meili Feng, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected] and [email protected]
James Griffiths, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Christchurch 8602, New Zealand.
Email: [email protected]
Michael Hutchins, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxford OX10 8BB, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Emily O'Donnell and Colin Thorne, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Email: emily.o'[email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Emily O'Donnell
School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Correspondence Yunfei Qi, Faith Ka Shun Chan and Meili Feng, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected] and [email protected]
James Griffiths, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Christchurch 8602, New Zealand.
Email: [email protected]
Michael Hutchins, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxford OX10 8BB, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Emily O'Donnell and Colin Thorne, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Email: emily.o'[email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Colin Thorne
School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Correspondence Yunfei Qi, Faith Ka Shun Chan and Meili Feng, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected] and [email protected]
James Griffiths, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Christchurch 8602, New Zealand.
Email: [email protected]
Michael Hutchins, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxford OX10 8BB, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Emily O'Donnell and Colin Thorne, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Email: emily.o'[email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorLingyun Liu
Guizhou Water & Power Survey—Design Institute Co., Ltd, Guiyang, China
Search for more papers by this authorChunguang Zhang
Guizhou Water & Power Survey—Design Institute Co., Ltd, Guiyang, China
Search for more papers by this authorXinan Li
Guizhou Water & Power Survey—Design Institute Co., Ltd, Guiyang, China
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Catchment floods are more challenging due to intensive urbanization and climate change. Enlightened by the Low Impact Development (LID), China initiated the Sponge City Program (SCP) to transform Urban Flood Management (UFM) to be more environmentally friendly in 2013. The China National Government (CNG) has subsidized municipal SCP facilities to enhance urban flood resilience while delivering multiple co-benefits for urban ecosystems and social well-being. Recent floods at Schleiden (Germany), Arizona State (USA), and Zhengzhou (China) in 2021 reflected the necessity of Catchment Flood Management (CFM) to cover the whole catchment scale. The SCP, designed to handle small-scale urban pluvial floods, has brought concerns when facing larger-scale fluvial floods after the Zhengzhou 2021 flood. Indeed, catchment-scale Natural Flood Management (NFM) can manage fluvial floods while improving flood adaptations sustainably from upstream to downstream reaches. This research develops a new framework named the Sponge Catchment Management Plan (SCMP), including structural and Nonstructural elements. On the structural side, the SCMP framework integrates NFM with the SCP and Grey Engineering (GE) for reducing the fluvial flood discharge peaks in the whole-catchment scale. On the nonstructural side, the SCMP encourages collaborative governance, revising technical standards, and improving “bottom-up” participation. This research used Semi-Structured Interviews (SSIs) and a Focus Group Approach (FGA) to explore 62 professional and Nonprofessional stakeholders’ perspectives on the SCMP framework. Some professional respondents did not know much about the NFM and were worried about the effectiveness of this practice. But most interviewees supported the SCMP pilot work and shared the co-benefits from the NFM. This case study at the SW China, Guiyang, could be a lesson to encourage other Chinese cities further implement SCP to improve catchment-scale flood resilience.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The authors collected the raw data from all participants. The original data support the results of the paper. Although there is a part of the original data in the paper, the authors will protect the participants’ privacy. More inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.
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