Polarization-dependent second-harmonic generation for collagen-based differentiation of breast cancer samples
Vassilis Tsafas
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Crete, Greece
Department of Physics, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorEvangelia Gavgiotaki
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Crete, Greece
Medical School, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorMaria Tzardi
Medical School, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorEffrosyni Tsafa
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Crete, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorCostas Fotakis
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Crete, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Irene Athanassakis
Biology Department, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
Correspondence
Prof Irene Athanassakis, Department of Biology, University of Crete, University Campus, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
Email: [email protected]
Dr George Filippidis, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
George Filippidis
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Crete, Greece
Correspondence
Prof Irene Athanassakis, Department of Biology, University of Crete, University Campus, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
Email: [email protected]
Dr George Filippidis, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorVassilis Tsafas
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Crete, Greece
Department of Physics, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorEvangelia Gavgiotaki
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Crete, Greece
Medical School, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorMaria Tzardi
Medical School, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorEffrosyni Tsafa
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Crete, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorCostas Fotakis
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Crete, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Irene Athanassakis
Biology Department, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
Correspondence
Prof Irene Athanassakis, Department of Biology, University of Crete, University Campus, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
Email: [email protected]
Dr George Filippidis, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
George Filippidis
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Crete, Greece
Correspondence
Prof Irene Athanassakis, Department of Biology, University of Crete, University Campus, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
Email: [email protected]
Dr George Filippidis, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Nonlinear optical imaging techniques have been widely used to reveal biological structures for accurate diagnosis at the cellular as well as the tissue level. In the present study, polarization-dependent second-harmonic generation (PSHG) was used to determine collagen orientation in breast cancer biopsy tissues (grades 0, I, II and III). The obtained data were processed using fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis, while second-harmonic generation (SHG) anisotropy and the “ratio parameter” values were also calculated. Such measurements were shown to be able to distinguish collagen structure modifications in different cancer grades tested. The analysis presented herein suggests that PSHG imaging could provide a quantitative evaluation of the tumor state and the distinction of malignant from benign breast tissues. The obtained results also allowed the development of a biophysical model, which can explain the aforementioned differentiations and is in agreement with the simulations relating the SHG anisotropy values with the mechanical tension applied to the collagen during cancer progression. The current approach could be a step forward for the development of new, nondestructive, label free optical diagnostic tools for cancer reducing the need of recalls and unnecessary biopsies, while potentially improving cancer detection rates.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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