• Issue
    2022
Previous Issue|Next Issue
Export Citation(s)Download PDF(s)
Research Article
Open Access

Evaluating the Factors Affecting COVID-19 Patients’ Mortality in Arak in 2020

Hossein Mazaherpour,  Masoumeh Soofian,  Elham Farahani,  Ahmad Saebbian,  Mostafa Etebari,  Sakineh Mazaherpour,  Fatemeh Ashrafian,  Amitis Ramezani, 
  • First Published: 16 September 2022
Review Article
Open Access

Guidance for Administering Biologics for Severe Asthma and Allergic Conditions

Delbert R. Dorscheid,  Jason K. Lee,  Warren Ramesh,  Mark Greenwald,  Jaime Del Carpio, 
  • First Published: 10 September 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Blood Eosinophil Endotypes across Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Jia-Ying Luo,  Hui-An Chen,  Yuan-Yu Feng,  Ye-Peng Chen,  Xiang-Cheng Lei,  Shuang-Lin Guo,  Xiao-Bin Huang,  Zhi-Man Liang,  Ning Li,  Bao-Qing Sun, 
  • First Published: 19 October 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Predictive Value of Adenoviral Load for Bronchial Mucus Plugs Formation in Children with Adenovirus Pneumonia

Li Peng,  Silan Liu,  Tian Xie,  Yu Li,  Zhuojie Yang,  Yongqi Chen,  Liangji Deng,  Han Huang,  Xiaofang Ding,  Min Chen,  Lin Lin,  Sangzi Wei,  Lili Zhong, 
  • First Published: 08 August 2022
Letter to the Editor
Open Access

Comment on “Effects of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking on the Spirometric Profile of University Students in Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study”

Helmi Ben Saad, 
  • First Published: 05 January 2022

Research Article
Open Access

Inhibition of MAD2L1 Mediates Pulmonary Fibrosis through Impairment of Mitochondrial Function and Induction of Cell Senescence

Lan Wang,  Ruyan Wan,  Xinyu Chen,  Xiaoshu Guo,  Zhongzheng Li,  Weiming Zhao,  Peishuo Yan,  Guoying Yu, 
  • First Published: 04 October 2022
Review Article
Open Access

Noninvasive Ventilation in Treatment of Respiratory Failure-Related COVID-19 Infection: Review of the Literature

Bushra Mina,  Alexander Newton,  Vijay Hadda, 
  • First Published: 31 August 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Predictors of Helmet CPAP Failure in COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Prospective, Multicenter, and Observational Cohort Study

Pierachille Santus,  Stefano Pini,  Francesco Amati,  Marina Saad,  Marina Gatti,  Michele Mondoni,  Francesco Tursi,  Maurizio Rizzi,  Davide Alberto Chiumello,  Valter Monzani,  Francesco Blasi,  Stefano Aliberti,  Dejan Radovanovic, 
  • First Published: 21 January 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Prognostic Role of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma Physiology Score for in-Hospital and 1-year Mortality in Patients with Acute Exacerbations of COPD

Zixiong Zeng,  Qin Liu,  Xiaoying Huang,  Chunyan Lu,  Juan Cheng,  Yuqun Li,  Guoping Hu,  Liping Wei, 
  • First Published: 25 April 2022
Review Article
Open Access

Genetic Variants Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Risk: Cumulative Epidemiological Evidence from Meta-Analyses and Genome-Wide Association Studies

Caiyang Liu,  Ran Ran,  Xiaoliang Li,  Gaohua Liu,  Xiaoyang Xie,  Ji Li, 
  • First Published: 09 June 2022
Research Article
Open Access

The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio is Associated with the Requirement and the Duration of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients: A Retrospective Study

Lijuan Yang,  Chang Gao,  Ying He,  Xiaowan Wang,  Ling Yang,  Shiqi Guo,  Jiahao Chen,  Siyu He,  Yuanxiao Sun,  Ye Gao,  Qiang Guo, 
  • First Published: 16 July 2022
Research Article
Open Access

MicroRNA-877-5p Inhibits Cell Progression by Targeting FOXM1 in Lung Cancer

Zhiguang Liu,  Xinlian Wang,  Liqiang Cao,  Xiaowei Yin,  Qian Zhang,  Lan Wang, 
  • First Published: 15 June 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Small Airway Dysfunction in Chronic Bronchitis with Preserved Pulmonary Function

Qi Ding,  Bai-Bing Mi,  Xia Wei,  Jie Li,  Jiu-Yun Mi,  Jing-Ting Ren,  Rui-Li Li, 
  • First Published: 24 August 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Assessment of Respiratory Function and Need for Noninvasive Ventilation in a Cohort of Patients with Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Followed at One Single Expert Center

Carola R. Ferrari Aggradi,  Elisa Falcier,  Andrea Lizio,  Alice Pirola,  Jacopo Casiraghi,  Alice Zanolini,  Elena Carraro,  Luca Mauro,  Fabrizio Rao,  Elisabetta Roma,  Antonino Iannello,  Elisa De Mattia,  Andrea Barp,  Sara Lupone,  Valentina Gatti,  Cristina Italiano,  Valeria A. Sansone, 
  • First Published: 18 June 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Performance of the CORB (Confusion, Oxygenation, Respiratory Rate, and Blood Pressure) Scale for the Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Pneumonia

Luis F. Reyes,  Alirio R. Bastidas,  Eduardo Tuta Quintero,  Juan S. Frías,  Álvaro F. Aguilar,  Karen D. Pedreros,  Manuela Herrera,  Laura D. Saza,  Alejandra P. Nonzoque,  Laura E. Bello,  Maria D. Hernández,  Germán A. Carmona,  Anyelinne Jaimes,  Silvia M Ramírez,  Natalia Murillo, 
  • First Published: 03 June 2022
Review Article
Open Access

Efficacy of High-Flow Nasal Cannula versus Conventional Oxygen Therapy in Obese Patients during the Perioperative Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Rong Zhou,  Hao-Tian Wang,  Wei Gu, 
  • First Published: 20 September 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Cost-Effectiveness of a New Outpatient Pulmonology Care Model Based on Physician-to-Physician Electronic Consultation

José Manuel Álvarez-Dobaño,  Malena Toubes,  José Ángel Novo-Platas,  Francisco Reyes-Santías,  Gerardo Atienza,  Manuel Portela,  Carlos Rábade,  Tamara Lourido,  Ana Casal,  Carlota Rodríguez-García,  Vanessa Riveiro,  Romina Abelleira,  Jorge Ricoy,  Nuria Rodríguez-Núñez,  Carlos Zamarrón,  Felipe Calle,  Francisco Gude,  Luis Valdés, 
  • First Published: 31 October 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Mortality Predictive Value of APACHE II and SOFA Scores in COVID-19 Patients in the Intensive Care Unit

Mohammad Taghi Beigmohammadi,  Laya Amoozadeh,  Forough Rezaei Motlagh,  Mojgan Rahimi,  Maziar Maghsoudloo,  Behzad Jafarnejad,  Babak Eslami,  Mohammad Reza Salehi,  Kazem Zendehdel, 
  • First Published: 28 March 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Effects of Prone Positioning for Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by Pulmonary Contusion: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Xiaoyi Liu,  Hui Liu,  Shilian Liu,  Wenlai Zhou,  Qing Lan,  Jun Duan,  Xue Li,  Xiangde Zheng, 
  • First Published: 31 March 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Due to Human Rhinovirus—A Retrospective Study

Ibrahim Bahabri,  Abdulaziz Abdulaal,  Thamer Alanazi,  Sultan Alenazy,  Yasser Alrumih,  Rakan Alqahtani,  Mohammad Bosaeed,  Hasan M. Al-Dorzi, 
  • First Published: 09 December 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Characteristics and Prognostic Nomogram for Primary Lung Lepidic Adenocarcinoma

Hui Tang,  Caixia Qiao,  Yingyi Wang,  Chunmei Bai, 
  • First Published: 31 August 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Identification of Signal Pathways and Hub Genes of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Bioinformatic Analysis

Rui-Qi Wei,  Wen-Mei Zhang,  Zhe Liang,  Chunmei Piao,  Guangfa Zhu, 
  • First Published: 29 August 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Role of Neuron-Specific Enolase in the Diagnosis and Disease Monitoring of Sarcoidosis

Noriaki Sunaga,  Yasuhiko Koga,  Yoshimasa Hachisu,  Koichi Yamaguchi,  Masaki Aikawa,  Norimitsu Kasahara,  Yosuke Miura,  Hiroaki Tsurumaki,  Masakiyo Yatomi,  Reiko Sakurai,  Toshitaka Maeno,  Takeshi Hisada, 
  • First Published: 26 May 2022
Research Article
Open Access

A Nomogram Model for Mortality Risk Prediction in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Subjected to Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse (DOTS)

Yi Xie,  Jing Han,  Weili Yu,  Zhili Hou,  Zhen Wan, 
  • First Published: 16 December 2022
Review Article
Open Access

Early Identification, Accurate Diagnosis, and Treatment of Silicosis

Tian Li,  Xinyu Yang,  Hong Xu,  Heliang Liu, 
  • First Published: 25 April 2022
Review Article
Open Access

Promising Therapeutic Functions of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived-Exosome in Asthma

Jia-Ying Yuan,  Xiang-Yun Wang,  Zhi-Ying Tong,  Yu-Chao Dong,  Jia-Yi Zhao,  Yi Zhang,  Yan Shang, 
  • First Published: 20 December 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Identification of RAGE and OSM as New Prognosis Biomarkers of Severe Pneumonia

Jing Lei,  Li Wang,  Qian Li,  Lin Gao,  Jing Zhang,  Yan Tan, 
  • First Published: 07 January 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Polygonatum Polysaccharide Regulates Macrophage Polarization and Improves LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury through TLR4-MAPK/NF-κB Pathway

Weizheng Zhou,  Jiang Hong,  Tao Liu,  Mengxing Li,  Hai Jin,  Xiaowei Wang, 
  • First Published: 14 July 2022
Research Article
Open Access

A Study on Cough Sensitivity and Airway Inflammation in Patients with Sinobronchial Syndrome

Shengyuan Wang,  Shanshan Niu,  Siwan Wen,  Mengru Zhang,  Cuiqin Shi,  Zhongmin Qiu,  Li Yu,  Xianghuai Xu, 
  • First Published: 13 October 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Anti-Myxovirus Resistance Protein-1 Immunoglobulin A Autoantibody in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Toru Arai,  Masaki Hirose,  Yoshimasa Hamano,  Tomoko Kagawa,  Akihiro Murakami,  Hiroshi Kida,  Atsushi Kumanogoh,  Yoshikazu Inoue, 
  • First Published: 29 March 2022
Research Article
Open Access

The Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of Umeclidinium/Vilanterol versus Tiotropium in Symptomatic Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Yinhua Gong,  Chen Lin,  Yifeng Jin,  Rong Chen, 
  • First Published: 25 August 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Mucormycosis in Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A 21-Case Series Report and Literature Review

Jing Bao,  Chunyu Liu,  Yongxia Dong,  Yu Xu,  Zhanwei Wang,  Kunkun Sun,  Wen Xi,  Keqiang Wang,  Pihua Gong,  Zhancheng Gao, 
  • First Published: 02 June 2022
Research Article
Open Access

The Nutritional Status of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbators

Carina Rôlo Silvestre,  Tiago Dias Domingues,  Luís Mateus,  Maria Cavaco,  André Nunes,  Ricardo Cordeiro,  Teresa Silva Santos,  Teresa Falcão,  António Domingos, 
  • First Published: 13 October 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Sustained Impairment in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity Testing in Patients after COVID-19: A Single Center Experience

Georg Evers,  Arik Bernard Schulze,  Irina Osiaevi,  Kimon Harmening,  Richard Vollenberg,  Rainer Wiewrodt,  Rudin Pistulli,  Matthias Boentert,  Phil-Robin Tepasse,  Juergen R. Sindermann,  Ali Yilmaz,  Michael Mohr, 
  • First Published: 01 March 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Feasibility of Using High-Resolution Computed Tomography Features for Invasiveness Differentiation of Malignant Nodules Manifesting as Ground-Glass Nodules

Xinyue Chen,  Benbo Yao,  Juan Li,  Chunxiao Liang,  Rui Qi,  Jianqun Yu, 
  • First Published: 17 October 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Dexmedetomidine Attenuates LPS-Stimulated Alveolar Type II Cells’ Injury through Upregulation of miR-140-3p and Partial Suppression of PD-L1 Involving Inactivating JNK-Bnip3 Pathway

Xianfeng Chen,  Juntao Hu,  Jie Lai,  Zhiyong Zhang,  Zhanhong Tang, 
  • First Published: 31 July 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Factors Influencing the Stability of Blood Eosinophils Counts in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Cheng-Sen Cai,  Jun Wang, 
  • First Published: 27 March 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Chitosan-Coated Solid Lipid Nano-Encapsulation Improves the Therapeutic Antiairway Inflammation Effect of Berberine against COPD in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Rats

Hongxiang Liu,  Yifan Li,  Xiaoying Zhang,  Man Shi,  Dexu Li,  Ying Wang, 
  • First Published: 15 April 2022
Research Article
Open Access

ADAM33 Silencing Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Regulates Cytokine Secretion in Airway Vascular Remodeling via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway

Fang Yan,  Xin Hu,  Long He,  Kegang Jiao,  Yanyan Hao,  Jing Wang, 
  • First Published: 31 August 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Nasopharyngeal Wash with Normal Saline Decreases SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load: A Randomized Pilot Controlled Trial

I. Pantazopoulos,  A. Chalkias,  G. Mavrovounis,  I. Dimeas,  S. Sinis,  A. Miziou,  E. Rouka,  K. Poulas,  K. Gourgoulianis, 
  • First Published: 27 September 2022
Review Article
Open Access

Therapeutic Approaches in COVID-19 Patients: The Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System

Farzaneh Ketabchi,  Sina Jamzad, 
  • First Published: 26 September 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Clinical Outcome Discrimination in Pediatric ARDS by Chest Radiograph Severity Scoring

Yu-Chun Yan,  Wen-Han Hao,  Feng-Sen Bai,  Shuang Liu,  Dong Qu,  Xin-Yu Yuan, 
  • First Published: 14 May 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Perioperative Exhaled Nitric Oxide as an Indicator for Postoperative Pneumonia in Surgical Lung Cancer Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study Based on 183 Cases

Gui-Xian Liu,  Yue Yang,  Lei Chen,  Mi-Qi Gu,  Jin-Tao He,  Xin Wang, 
  • First Published: 04 September 2022
Research Article
Open Access

EKOS™ Jena Experience: Safety, Feasibility, and Midterm Outcomes of Percutaneous Ultrasound-Assisted Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis in Patients with Intermediate-High-Risk or High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism

Friederike Klein,  Sven Möbius-Winkler,  Laura Bäz,  Rüdiger Pfeifer,  Michael Fritzenwanger,  Stefan Heymel,  Marcus Franz,  Pawel Aftanski,  P. Christian Schulze,  Daniel Kretzschmar, 
  • First Published: 27 February 2022
Review Article
Open Access

The Value of Adenosine Deaminase 2 in the Detection of Tuberculous Pleural Effusion: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Tingting Zeng,  Bing Ling,  Xueru Hu,  Shuyan Wang,  Wenliang Qiao,  Lijuan Gao,  Yongchun Shen,  Dajiang Li, 
  • First Published: 10 September 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Comparison of CRP, Procalcitonin, Neutrophil Counts, Eosinophil Counts, sTREM-1, and OPN between Pneumonic and Nonpneumonic Exacerbations in COPD Patients

Shan Mou,  Wei Zhang,  Yan Deng,  Zhijun Tang,  Depeng Jiang, 
  • First Published: 31 March 2022
Review Article
Open Access

Pulmonary Manifestations of Primary Humoral Deficiencies

Ana Casal,  Vanessa Riveiro,  Juan Suárez-Antelo,  Lucía Ferreiro,  Nuria Rodríguez-Núñez,  Adriana Lama,  María Elena Toubes,  Luis Valdés, 
  • First Published: 10 April 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Deep Learning Models to Predict Fatal Pneumonia Using Chest X-Ray Images

Satoshi Anai,  Junko Hisasue,  Yoichi Takaki,  Naohiko Hara, 
  • First Published: 24 November 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 Null Genotypes with Toluene Diisocyanate-Induced Asthma

Jong-Uk Lee,  Ji-Yeon Jeong,  Min Kyung Kim,  Sun A. Min,  Jong-Sook Park,  Choon-Sik Park, 
  • First Published: 11 February 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Evaluation of Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis in Bronchiectasis

Songul Ozyurt,  Neslihan Ozcelik,  Bilge Yilmaz Kara,  Medeni Arpa,  Yavuz Metin,  Ozcan Erel,  Salim Neselioglu, 
  • First Published: 29 January 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Risk Factors Associated with Impairment in Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity among Patients with Noncystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis

Kaijun Zhang,  Xin Zou,  Zhiyi Ma,  Xiaohong Liu,  Chencheng Qiu,  Lingyan Xie,  Zhaosheng Lin,  Saiyu Li,  Yongming Wu, 
  • First Published: 09 March 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Carboxyhemoglobin Does Not Predict the Need of Mechanical Ventilation and Prognosis during COPD Exacerbation

Shimon Izhakian,  Eitan Harper,  Oleg Gorelik,  Assaf Frajman,  Ori Mekiten,  Adina Bar-Chaim,  Mordechai Reuven Kramer, 
  • First Published: 16 April 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Expression of Serum sLOX-1 in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Its Correlation with Lipid Metabolism

Fangfang Hao,  Jinliang Chen,  Jinnan Wu,  Xin Ge,  Xuedong Lv,  Dongmei Zhang,  Jianrong Chen, 
  • First Published: 11 April 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Efficacy of Intrapleural or Intrapericardial Injection of Single Bevacizumab in the Treatment of Lung Cancer-Mediated Malignant Effusion

Dongyun He,  Zhihua Guo,  Zixian Xie,  Yalei Zhang,  Qiuhua Deng,  Haihong Yang, 
  • First Published: 31 October 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Intensive Intervention Improves Outcomes for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Medical Consortium-Based Management

Shunjin Zhao,  Lini Zheng,  Maoxian Zhu,  Yuexiang Shui,  Xuxin Bao,  Jun Zhao, 
  • First Published: 27 June 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Assessing the Prognostic Value of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Stage I Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Complete Resection

Wei Liu,  Tiantian Zhang,  Li Li,  Jue Zou,  Chunhua Xu, 
  • First Published: 22 June 2022
Research Article
Open Access

The Role of CD40, CD86, and Glutathione S-Transferase Omega 1 in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Desheng Sun,  Rong Lin,  Yao Ouyang, 
  • First Published: 23 August 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Evaluation of Follow-Up CT Scans in Patients with Severe Initial Pulmonary Involvement by COVID-19

Behshad Pazooki,  Ailar Ahangari,  Mohammad-Mehdi Mehrabi Nejad,  Nasim Batavani,  Faeze Salahshour, 
  • First Published: 29 December 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Effects of Different Intervention Factors on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Migration

Chengtian Lv,  Guangyuan Liao,  Lichan Wu,  Jing Li,  Yuanmei Gao, 
  • First Published: 10 October 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Smoking Cessation by Phone Counselling in a Lung Cancer Screening Program: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study

Ankita Ghatak,  Sean Gilman,  Siobhan Carney,  Anne V Gonzalez,  Andrea Benedetti,  Nicole Ezer, 
  • First Published: 21 April 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Older Age and Abnormal Pulmonary Ventilation Function Do Not Increase the Risk of Pulmonary Hemorrhage Caused by CT-Guided Percutaneous Core Needle Biopsy

Xuejuan Yu,  Chunhai Li,  Dexiang Wang,  Bo Liu,  Haipeng Jia,  Wei Zhou, 
  • First Published: 05 August 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Nomograms for Predicting Coexisting Cardiovascular Disease and Prognosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Study Based on NHANES Data

Yuanjie Qiu,  Yan Wang,  Nirui Shen,  Qingting Wang,  Limin Chai,  Jian Wang,  Qianqian Zhang,  Yuqian Chen,  Jin Liu,  Danyang Li,  Huan Chen,  Manxiang Li, 
  • First Published: 09 June 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Viral RNA Load in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic COVID-19 Omicron Variant-Positive Patients

Qian Wu,  Lixia Shi,  Haomin Li,  Shuping Huang,  Hongwei Li,  Li Li,  Jin Han,  Qi Wu,  Zhengcun Pei, 
  • First Published: 29 August 2022
Research Article
Open Access

SR9009 Regulates Acute Lung Injury in Mice Induced by Sepsis

Ming Hu,  Li Zhang,  Jie Cao,  Yu Jiang,  Gang Liu, 
  • First Published: 01 July 2022
Review Article
Open Access

Inspiratory Muscle Rehabilitation Training in Pediatrics: What Is the Evidence?

Dharini M. Bhammar,  Harrison N. Jones,  Jason E. Lang, 
  • First Published: 18 August 2022
Research Article
Open Access

Distinct Symptoms and Underlying Comorbidities with Latitude and Longitude in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Yong Tian,  Qian Wu,  Hongwei Li,  Qi Wu,  Yi Xie,  Li Li,  Huaiyong Chen, 
  • First Published: 27 January 2022
Research Article
Open Access

MicroRNA-101-3p Suppresses mTOR and Causes Mitochondrial Fragmentation and Cell Degeneration in COPD

Lei Fang,  Xinggang Wang,  Ming Zhang,  Petra Khan,  Michael Tamm,  Michael Roth, 
  • First Published: 05 December 2022