The cover image is based on the Original Article The Evaluation of Memantine Effect on Tinnitus Severity by Babak Pourayyoubi et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70697.

  

Conceptual schematic illustrating the trial design and mechanisms. Electroacupuncture (EA) targets cervical acupoints (GB20/Gongxue) to improve cerebral blood flow and neural connectivity. HOT (herbal olfactory therapy) delivers Acorus Tatarinowii volatile oil via inhalation to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, reduce neuroinflammation, and enhance synaptic plasticity. Combined therapy synergistically modulates LRPs/ARF1 signaling, promotes mitochondrial function, and clears Aβ plaques. Outcomes are assessed via MoCA/MMSE (cognition), fMRI/fNIRS (brain activity), and STAI (anxiety). Healthy controls provide normative brain function baselines.

This quasi-experimental study evaluated the effectiveness of problem-solving group counseling on body image concerns and anxiety among adolescent girls. Participants receiving routine education plus problem-solving counseling showed significant improvements compared to the control group, as measured by Littleton's Body Image Concern Inventory and the Zung Anxiety Scale. Problem-solving group counseling combined with routine education significantly reduced body image concerns and anxiety levels among adolescent girls in a quasi-experimental study, indicating its potential as an effective intervention for pubertal mental health.

This study is the first to employed TSMR to investigate the causal relationship between 20 acylcarnitines and neurocognitive outcomes. The findings indicate that lower genetically predicted levels of acetyl-L-carnitine and butyrylcarnitine are associated with diminished cognitive performance, underscoring their potential clinical implications in the early detection of cognitive decline.

The Artificial Intelligence Conspiracy Beliefs Scale (AICBS) was developed and validated using data from 788 participants to assess conspiracy beliefs about artificial intelligence. EFA resulted in a five-factor structure (Interpersonal Relations and Social Influence, Arms Rivalry and Less World Peace, Human Labor and Human Intelligence, Global Control, and Disinformation), explaining 62.58% of the variance, which CFA confirmed. Both the full scale and the short form (AICBS-5) demonstrated good validity and reliability.

We propose an unsupervised spike-sorting framework combining gradient-based waveform preprocessing with nonlinear dimensionality reduction (UMAP/spectral embedding) and hierarchical agglomerative clustering. Our method (GSA-Spike and GUA-Spike) extracts noise-robust features via nth-order temporal derivatives, projects data into optimized low-dimensional manifolds to resolve overlapping spikes, and clusters using silhouette-guided merging.

This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding sugar addiction with a focus on its neurobiological mechanisms, health implications, and potential therapeutic interventions.

High levels of copper can lead to spatial learning and memory disorders. Extracts from L. angustifolia and C. rotundus have the potential to remove copper from the body and reduce its harmful effects. They achieve this by increasing the expression of the BDNF gene while decreasing the expression of IL-6, IL1-B, Caspase-3, and TNF-α genes in the hippocampus due to their antioxidant properties.

Segments representing contact frequencies.

We investigated the levels of NOX1 and GPER in patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. We found increased NOX1 and decreased GPER levels in patients with GAD compared to healthy controls. In addition, we showed that serum NOX1 levels have very good diagnostic performance for patients with GAD.

Weakly affiliated Democrats had 19% higher basal testosterone than strongly affiliated Democrats.

Testosterone administration in weakly affiliated Democrats reduced alignment to their party by 12% compared to the same group given a placebo.

Weakly affiliated Democrats who were administered testosterone reported 45% warmer feelings towards Republican candidates compared to those given a placebo.

This Mendelian randomization study reveals that higher body fat percentage increases anxiety disorder risk (OR = 1.14), while certain obesity phenotypes show protective effects (OR = 0.90). Three key circulating metabolites—phenylalanine, the free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL, and the linoleic acid ratio—mediate these relationships. Phenylalanine and free cholesterol completely mediate body fat's effect on anxiety, while the linoleic acid ratio partially mediates this relationship (25% of the total effect).

Sexual desire decreases in the presence of pain, whereas higher quality of life is associated with increased sexual desire. Health status positively influences sexual desire, showing that better health correlates with greater sexual desire in this population.

This survey examined the relationship between short-form video use and attention in school-age children. Analyzing responses from 528 participants, short-form video use was linked to higher inattentive symptoms, with a stronger association in younger children. Further studies on the long-term effects and potential bidirectional mechanisms are needed.

This study applied bidirectional Mendelian randomization and transcriptomic analysis to explore the causal link between gut microbiota and frailty. Results revealed a unidirectional effect of microbiota on frailty and identified TET2 as a key gene potentially mediating this association through immune-related pathways.

This study highlights the rising global burden of young-onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD), focusing on regional, gender, and age disparities. The increasing incidence contrasts with declining mortality, indicating the need for targeted interventions, particularly in Asia and Middle SDI regions, to alleviate the disease burden among essential global workforce cohorts.

Military veterans experience higher rates of mental health conditions such as stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, and often face challenges rejoining civilian life after deployment. This study investigated whether attending a communal retreat where they received a psychedelic substance improved the mental health and civilian reintegration of 58 veterans.

Veterans experienced improvements across all outcomes, particularly in depression and PTSD symptoms. Psilocybin mushroom retreats led to broader improvements, while ayahuasca retreats and female participants saw greater PTSD reductions. Veterans with more severe PTSD and depression symptoms before the retreat experienced the greatest improvements in related symptoms. These findings suggest psychedelic retreats may offer a holistic treatment for veterans by addressing psychological well-being, communal factors and reintegration into civilian life.

Irisin is a newly discovered myokine, and the theory of muscle–brain interaction suggests that irisin may have an impact on the cognitive function. Our meta-analysis showed that higher irisin levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid were associated with better cognitive function, and irisin may exert its effects by upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In terms of cognitive subdomains, no significant correlations have been found between irisin levels and memory, executive function, attention, language, and visual spatial ability.

In acute ischemic stroke patients caused by large vessel occlusion, early venous filling after endovascular treatment indicates a higher risk of hemorrhagic transformation and poor outcome. Adjust the treatment strategies timely may reduce the risk of symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage.

This study uncovers causal associations between specific brain cells in the prefrontal cortex and ADHD risk through single-cell eQTL MR and Bayesian analyses, advancing our understanding of ADHD's neurobiology. Our findings highlight novel therapeutic targets, paving the way for new treatment strategies in ADHD management.

Hedonic hunger and early experiences are major causes of food addiction. The accuracy of predictions is improved via machine learning.

Causal Link: Depression → TBI via MR Analysis

Electroacupuncture was found to down-regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation to reduce hippocampal inflammation and pyroptosis, suggesting that NLRP3 inflammasome could be a potential target for PSD treatment.

A novel opportunity for intervention in post-stroke balance disorders has been identified, as we have discovered that the binaural beat stimulation (BBS) may significantly enhance patients' balance function and subsequently improve activities of daily living more effectively than conventional rehabilitation methods.

L-quebrachitol exhibited significant anticonvulsant effects in PTZ-induced seizures in chicks, likely through voltage-gated sodium channel inhibition. In vivo and in silico analyses suggest LQB may synergize with carbamazepine, offering a potential new therapeutic approach for epilepsy management.

The present study suggested that emotional health and sleep quality were are important factors associated with hypertension and complications in the elderly. These findings underscored the need for comprehensive management strategies that address both psychological and sleep-related factors, aiming to improve hypertension control and prevent associated complications

Early spontaneous systolic blood pressure (SBP) reduction after thrombectomy—without pharmacologic intervention—was independently associated with favorable outcomes in patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke. Combining ΔSBP with nadir SBP within 30 min post-procedure significantly improved predictive accuracy for 90-day functional recovery.

Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was applied to elucidate the causal relationship between immune cell proteins and PD. Our study reveals a possible causal effect of immune cell proteins on the risk of PD and provides new ideas for the prevention and management of PD through immune cell proteins.

Sleep disorders are associated with overall diet quality. The higher HEI scores are associated with good sleep quality and a reduced risk of abnormal sleep time.

Using fMRI during an object–location memory task, we identified right-lateralized cortical regions—lateral occipital–temporal cortices, fusiform, and precuneus—as viable brain stimulation targets. Robust behavioral gains and test–retest reliability endorse the paradigm's potential for future brain stimulation research.

This systematic review synthesizes data from 26 studies (n = 3020) and 10 registered trials assessing the psychiatric effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs). Although evidence for substance use disorders was limited and mixed, GLP-1 RAs showed modest-to-moderate benefits for mood symptoms, anxiety, and quality of life in comorbid conditions. Further targeted trials are warranted to clarify their psychiatric potential.

ASD individuals can have superior metacognition in the tasks that rely on visuo-spatial cognition. Cognitive flexibility is diminished by overconfidence, not by metacognitive deficit.

The beta lactam derivative MC-100093 (093) did not attenuate reinstatement of oxycodone seeking following extinction of self-administration. In addition, 093 did not upregulate membrane expression of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) in the nucleus accumbens. Follow-up conditioned place preference experiments revealed that drug specific modulation of GLT-1 expression may underlie the efficacy of 093 to reduce reinstatement. Created in BioRender. Hart, D. (2025) https://BioRender.com/w58u294.

Emerging evidence suggests a potential association between COVID-19 and autoimmune encephalitis (AE). We evaluated the positivity rate of AE- and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS)-associated antibodies in relation to COVID-19. A spike in the incidence of AE-associated antibodies was observed during the COVID-19 “pandemic outbreak” in 2020, compared to the “pre-pandemic” period from 2017 to 2019 and to the “mid to late pandemic” period from 2021 to 2023. The incidence of PNS-associated antibodies was unaffected by COVID-19. The increased incidence of AE-associated antibodies during the COVID-19 “pandemic outbreak” suggests a potential biological link. The subsequent decline in incidence in the “mid to late pandemic” period may be attributable to widespread vaccination and the emergence of new viral variants with less potential to induce autoimmunity.

Poor mental health is common among mothers five years after giving birth, with around one in four women in our study self-reporting symptoms of anxiety, depression or poor mental health related quality of life. Despite an increased risk for poor long-term metabolic health, a previous history of gestational diabetes was not associated with an increased risk for later anxiety and depression. However, it may affect women's perception of their later general health and social functioning.

This study established a rat model of thromboembolic stroke to investigate the effect of Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture combined with delayed rtPA thrombolysis. The results showed that acupuncture could alleviate neuronal ferroptosis, improve blood-brain barrier injury, protect neurological function and reduce the risk of hemorrhagic transformation by regulating iron metabolism, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and protecting mitochondrial structure.

The findings suggest that the updating of Chinese characters elicits smaller P200 and P300 amplitudes in the parietal region and reduced alpha-ERD activity in neural oscillations compared to updating pseudo-characters. These results confirm that the inherent properties of Chinese characters may enhance cognitive efficiency in working memory updating tasks.

BFR can promote the functional Rehabilitation of stroke patients and strengthen their motor ability without high -intensity and ensure safety, which has high clinical application value.

This study evaluates the association between depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and circulating thyroid hormones in a sample of undernourished anorexia nervosa patients. Using the longitudinal research project, EVHAN, two hundred and two anorexia nervosa (AN) patients were recruited. We found that thyroid hormone levels may account in part for the levels of depression and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in undernourished anorexia nervosa patients.

We show that the shape of the open field arena significantly affects mouse responses to various behavioral tests, including anxiety, locomotion, social behavior, and tactile sensitivity, in both physiological aging and after spinal cord injury. Therefore, establishing standardized protocols is particularly crucial.

This prospective cohort study found that serum NOX2 levels were closely related to the disease severity of sTBI patients and could predict the 180-day mortality and poor prognosis of the patients.

This MR analysis identified suggestive associations between 34 gut microbiota taxa and migraine subtypes while exploring the mediating role of immune traits in this association. Experimental results demonstrate that the abundance of Prevotella histicola is reduced in migraine model mice.

Two types of DSN were observed according to the level of termination in the muscle. Contrary to its classical course, DSN ran laterally to the MBS on the four sides. The shortest distance between DSN and MBS was at the level of the superior border of the rhomboid minor. The insertion lengths of the levator scapulae and rhomboids according to gender and the insertion length of the rhomboid minor according to the level of termination in the muscle were significant.

This study aims to validate FastSurfer for pediatric brain segmentation against the widely used FreeSurfer. The considered metrics showed high agreement. Age-specific growth charts for 15 brain regions, revealing varied growth patterns, were also generated

The graphical abstract illustrates the study structure: 70 tinnitus patients were randomly assigned to two groups for a 60-day treatment. The image shows excitotoxic mechanisms, intervention, and outcomes in a concept-based layout.

This study examined postural sway in 124 adolescents (57 with sports concussion, 67 healthy) during static balance tasks on hard and compliant surfaces under three conditions: no cognitive task, spatial discrimination, and perceptual inhibition. Adolescents with concussion exhibited significantly greater antero-posterior root-mean-square (RMS) sway than healthy peers. Across all participants, sway increased on compliant surfaces and during perceptual inhibition tasks. Notably, normalized sway path length (NSPL) was reduced during dual-task conditions compared to single-task trials, possibly reflecting automatic stabilization or conscious compensation. These findings highlight that concussion-related postural control deficits may be direction-specific and task-dependent. RMS sway in the antero-posterior direction emerged as the most sensitive indicator of concussion-related balance impairments. Clinically, incorporating dual-task balance assessments and attention-demanding tasks can enhance the detection of lingering deficits post-concussion and support informed return-to-play decisions.

Subgroup analysis by treatment duration (≤12 Weeks): Adjunctive raloxifene demonstrated statistically significant efficacy across all PANSS domains in trials with treatment duration of 12 weeks or less:

• PANSS Positive symptoms: MD = −1.48; 95% CI: −2.41 to −0.39

• PANSS Negative symptoms: MD = −1.63; 95% CI: −3.15 to −0.12

• PANSS General psychopathology: MD = −3.75; 95% CI: −6.34 to −1.16

• PANSS Total score: MD = −8.07; 95% CI: −12.7 to −3.44

These findings suggest that short-term adjunctive treatment with raloxifene (≤12 weeks) may be associated with clinically meaningful improvements in schizophrenia symptoms.

This study demonstrated that glymphatic system function in the brain progressively deteriorates with worsening cognitive impairment among T2DM patients. Moreover, T2DM significantly disrupts the relationship patterns between the glymphatic system and bilateral hippocampal microstructure.

Avalanche search results in an increase in mental stress with longer coarse search times. VOICE navigation may be an interesting option for companion avalanche rescue since it helps to reduce mental stress and arousal, thereby leading to shorter search times.

A thematic analysis of psychedelic experiences was partitioned into three temporal phases: before, during, and after the experience. Themes before the experience were preparatory intentions and perceptions; during the experience, acute sensory and affective distortions; and after the experience, changes in behavior and outlook.

This study highlights the potential of ultra-high frequency ultrasound (28–33 MHz) to detect internal structural changes in enlarged nerves in multifocal CIDP. In three patients, altered echogenicity and fascicular architecture were associated with severe electrophysiological findings and guided treatment escalation. These findings support the role of UHF-US as a tool to monitor disease severity and tailor therapy.

This graphical abstract illustrates the associations between social cognition sub-domains (emotion recognition, social intelligence, adaptability, and implicit understanding) and their cognitive, emotional, and demorgraphic predictors in people with multiple sclerosis. Progressive MS patients showed the most pronounced impairments. Lower global cognition, higher depression scores, and lower educational attainment were significant predictors of poor social cognition.

Hemorrhagic stroke-related mortality among hypertensive adults in the U.S. remained stable from 1999 to 2023, with no significant trends observed in age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs).> Males consistently had higher mortality than females, and non-Hispanic Black individuals experienced the highest AAMRs compared to other racial/ethnic groups. The highest mortality rates were observed in the Western region, followed by the South, Midwest, and Northeast. Urban areas had consistently higher AAMRs compared to rural areas over the study period.

Medication associated risk related to cause and treatment of delirium

This study develops and validates a novel depression risk prediction model by integrating machine learning analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset with a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach. The work provides key evidence in three primary areas: the development of a parsimonious 14-variable predictive model for large-scale depression risk screening using routine biochemical and demographic markers; the identification of a causal relationship where higher body mass index (BMI) increases the risk of depression; and the elucidation of causal effects of depression on several biomarkers, including increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and total bilirubin (TB) levels.

This study revealed that OSA alters FC in primary motor cortex subregions, impairing motor control. These changes are linked to upper airway dysfunction and cognitive deficits. Among three machine learning models, support vector machine showed the best performance in classifying OSA, highlighting FC features as potential neuroimaging biomarkers.Special thanks to Figdraw (www.figdraw.com) for their support in creating the graphical abstract.

This study found that increasing the number of trials in the saccadometry test significantly impaired antisaccade performance by increasing latency and error rates, while prosaccade results remained stable. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing trial numbers in antisaccade testing for accurate assessment of eye movement control.

This 2019 national study evaluated antipsychotic prescriptions for patients ≥18 with schizophrenia or psychotic disorders across age, medication, region, and diagnosis. SGAs, especially quetiapine, were most prescribed, whereas sertindole, zuclopenthixol, haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and ziprasidone were least frequent. SGA use peaked in patients ≥80, where haloperidol was the most common FGA.