This study uses hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to examine the relationship between variables in major neurodegenerative diseases (MND) with swallowing disorders. Data were collected from 173 patients with neurological diagnoses, aging between 42 and 104. The results showed statistical significance in clusters around Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation Scale (EdFED), Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10), and age in each MND. This study provides clinicians with a different perspective on determining and managing elderly swallowing problems, suggesting that variables should be examined concurrently in clinics for MND.

The present study aimed to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationship between Parkinson's disease (PD) and the risk of depression severity across different populations. Our findings indicate that the observed increased depression in PD patients is likely attributable to modifiable acquired factors rather than being genetically determined.

This study aimed to develop a conversion table to predict MMSE scores from observed RUDAS scores, allowing an easy-to-use method to compare both screening tests. The equipercentile equating method was used to develop the conversion table using a training sample consisting of cognitively intact participants and individuals with early-stage AD. The resulting conversion table was validated in two samples, comprising participants from majority and minority populations assessed in Spanish, showing excellent reliability.

This study investigates the attentional boost effect (ABE) and its relationship with event predictability. Using encoding-recognition and remembering/knowing paradigms, it was found that short and medium predictive intervals enhance memory for target-paired words, while long intervals do not. Predictability alters task demands, allowing better allocation of attentional resources. Under short predictability, more attention is given to target stimuli, enhancing memory (ABE). Under long predictability, attention is distributed more broadly, reducing the ABE.

Lauric acid exhibits therapeutic potential in alpha-synuclein-mediated Parkinsonism by mitigating behavioral impairment, reducing oxidative stress, and curbing neuroinflammation. It also appears to counteract apoptosis and enhance neuronal longevity. These effects collectively suggest lauric acid could be a promising adjunctive treatment for Parkinson's disease.

We investigated the effectiveness of an online meeting in which normal older adults (otokai) used a music-generative artificial intelligence (AI) that transforms text to music (Music Trinity Generative Algorithm-Human Refined [MusicTGA-HR]). Using MusicTGA-HR, the participants chose music that they thought was the most suitable to a given theme. Each class held an online meeting once a week for 6 months, and each participant presented the music they selected. As a result, the frontal lobe function and memory were improved.

The cerebral blood flow (CBF) value of periaqueductal gray (PAG) in chronic migraine (CM) patients (47.98 ± 8.38 mL/100 mg min) was significantly lower than that of the control group (59.87 ± 14.24 mL/100 mg min). Red solid circle and empty circle, male CM and normal controls; Black solid circle and empty circle, female CM and normal controls.

Preterm-born guinea pigs displayed hyperactive behavior, reduced myelin, and disrupted neurotransmitter pathway expression at late childhood equivalence. Treatment with zuranolone in the immediate postnatal period following preterm birth was able to prevent these deficits from occurring and restore behavioral abnormalities to a term-born phenotype.

This study demonstrates a statistically significant relationship between vasopressor administration and the development of ICU-acquired weakness in critically ill adult patients.

Patients with MDD and MCI exhibited higher TNF-α levels and reduced hippocampal volumes compared to controls. An inverse relationship was observed between TNF-α levels and hippocampal volume in the MCI MDD group, the overall MDD group, and across all subjects. No significant correlations were found between beta-amyloid deposition and TNF-α levels, hippocampal volume, or cognitive measures.

After hypothalamic subunits segmentation, several important correlations were identified in the OSA patients. These correlations suggest that factors related to sleep apnea severity could affect hypothalamic structure in patients.

The results elucidate that executive, memory, and language function were better in ICAS patients without ischemic penumbra compared with the ischemic penumbra group. “b” and “c” show that there is no significant difference in memory and language function (p = .054; p = .06) between the non-ischemic penumbra group and the ischemic penumbra group. “a” and “d” show that there are statistical differences in Stroop-D and MoCA sub-items (memory + language) between the NIP and IP groups (p = .042; p = .046). Hence, this study suggests that controlling ICAS-induced hypoperfusion may be involved in the occurrence of VCI.

Disruption of blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier mediates altered cerebrospinal fluid immune homeostasis under simulated microgravity: a proposed model. Lymphocytes migrate from the choroid plexus microvasculature to the plexus stroma and then cross the choroid plexus epithelia, where they are locked by tight junctions and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Simulated microgravity causes disruption of intercellular junctions, allowing more lymphocytes and cytokines to cross the choroid plexus epithelia and enter the cerebrospinal fluid.

Obese subjects had lower scores in the CERAD word list learning tasks (CERAD-WL) and digit symbol substitution test (DSST). Body shape had a mediating effect on the path from lifestyle to cognition (CERAD-WL). Sleep, physical activity, and diet influenced the degree of obesity, which subsequently determined cognitive function.

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and conditioned medium (CM) protect against ethidium bromide–induced hippocampal injury through various mechanisms, including enhancing anti-inflammatory response, increasing brain neurotrophic factors, and decreasing oxidative stress.

This study showed that the combined application of pain neuroscience education (PNE) and motor imagery-based exercise protocol (MIEP) had a reducing effect, although not superior, on pain, which is the primary outcome, compared to individual applications In particular, PNE was superior in reducing cognitive–emotion regulation, anxiety, and depression, and MIEP was superior in reducing body awareness. No intergroup superiority was found on pain catastrophizing, self-esteem, and kinesiophobia in the control and all intervention groups.

Lower levels of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) are significantly associated with cognitive decline in the elderly population in the United States. GNRI may represent a new indicator for assessing cognitive health risks in the elderly. As a tool for evaluating the nutritional status of older adults, GNRI is cost-effective and easily obtainable in clinical practice.

The median C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) of malnourished patients or those at risk of malnutrition was significantly higher than that of patients with normal nutritional status (p=0.012). The CAR could predict which geriatric patients were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition.

Age affects the prognosis of depressed patients after acute treatment. Patients with depression younger than 45 years of age have more residual depressive symptoms, more somatic symptoms, and more severe impairment in social functioning.

This study employs a quantitative research methodology to provide empirical insights into the impacts of parental migration on the psychological well-being and development of overseas Chinese left-behind children.

The Attitudes toward Childbearing among Women with Multiple Sclerosis is better in people with higher social support and less depression.

This multicenter, retrospective, observational study describes the clinical, paraclinical presentation and the therapeutic management of central nervous system involvement (CNS) involvement in 118 patients with neurosarcoidosis with CNS involvement.

Motor unit number index (MUNIX) in Bell's palsy: A potential electrophysiological biomarker for early evaluation

This study provides the mean (and standard deviation) MLD scores which are obtained under “SoNo-SπNo” and “SoNo-SoNπ” measurement conditions in healthy young adults by manually applied adaptive procedure method and contributes to normative values for both genders.

This article aims to investigate changes in mean differences in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in adolescent and adult individuals with anorexia nervosa following inpatient treatment in a systematic review and a case-series of three individuals with anorexia nervosa.

The objective of this study was to test if physical activity engagement was associated with functional connectivity of the cognitively relevant frontoparietal control network (FPCN) in adults with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) history. Individuals with a history of TBI show functional connectivity alterations of the FPCN. Moreover, engagement in physical activity is associated with functional network connectivity of the FPCN in those with a TBI. These findings are consistent with the evidence that physical activity affects FPCN connectivity in non-injured adults, however, this effect presents differently in those with a history of TBI.

Stigma among depressed young people worsens loneliness, isolation, and symptoms, hindering social interactions and treatment. To break this cycle, 35 participant interviews recommended three forms of affirmation: social, self-, and societal affirmation. Public awareness campaigns, policies, and programs supporting mental health are crucial to guiding young people to appropriate resources.

This research summarizes a survey of 2448 students from 14 universities in Shandong Province. The survey assessed knowledge, attitude, and practice toward depression. Results show insufficient knowledge, positive attitudes, and passive practices. Factors negatively affecting practice include being a junior or senior, having divorced parents, having relatives with depression, and lacking close friends. A positive attitude was strongly associated with better practices. The study highlights the need for targeted education and support to improve depression management among students.

Families at greater risk for disruptions to the parent–child relationship received either weekly Infant Mental Health Home Visiting parent–infant psychotherapy or treatment as usual for 12 months. DNA methylation, which controls gene expression, was measured at stress responsive genes. Children's saliva DNA methylation at SLC6A4 and LINE1 was associated with parenting attitudes, and BDNF methylation also decreased in response to therapy.

This study suggests that salvianolic acids and Panax notoginseng saponins can effectively repair cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Specifically, they improve trophic coupling damage and repair the structural and functional damage of neurons, microvascular endothelial cells, microglia, astrocytes, and pericytes in the neurovascular unit, promoting neurovascular unit remodeling. Compared with individual treatment, salvianolic acids combined with Panax notoginseng saponins treatment showed enhanced effects. This treatment method may be a potential strategy for repairing cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

A meta-analysis incorporating nine cohort studies of 49218 community-derived participants showed that subjects with subclinical hyperthyroidism may have a higher risk of dementia compared to those with euthyroidism. These results highlight the importance of the evaluation of thyroid dysfunction in the risk stratification of dementia in the general population, even for those with subclinical hyperthyroidism.

In this study, HIF-1α-specific short hairpin RNA is used to silence HIF-1α. HIF-1α silencing attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in ischemic stroke male rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) mice hippocampal cells via the CXCR4/NF-κB pathway.

EA at GV20 and LR3 ameliorated depression-like behavioral deficits in CUMS rats. EA modulates depression by regulating the expression of particular genes such as Colla2, Col3a1, Psmb9 and Tap1.

This MR study found that there is no evidence of a bidirectional causal relationship between gene predicted insomnia and hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and thyroid nodules, but thyroid cancer may increase the risk of insomnia.

Nine months after the disaster, menstrual irregularities increased from 14.3% to 44.8%, and PTSD prevalence was 22.7%. Risk factors for menstrual irregularities included post-traumatic stress symptoms, comorbid chronic illnesses, and smoking.

There is a relationship between children's sensory processing skills and gross/fine motor skills.

Decrease in perceived distress when recalling the traumatic memory (TM), measured through the visual analog scale for TM (TM-VAS). Participants who received motor interference therapy (red line) had a greater reduction in the distress generated by recalling the traumatic memory compared to the group that received progressive muscle relaxation (blue line).

Our results support the idea that empathy is a multidimensional construct that may support and undermine individual mental health. Operationalizing empathy in terms of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, we find that in times of social isolation different types of empathy increase the experience of individual loneliness and, by extension, stress.