The cover image is based on the Original Article Nonlinear age effects in tactile processing from early childhood to adulthood by Sakshi Kaur et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2644.

Sevoflurane reduces the expression of miRNA-384-3p in the rat hippocampus.

Emerging evidence in depression suggests that blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and elevated inflammatory cytokines in states of persistent stress or trauma may contribute to the development of symptoms. We investigated the link between glymphatic neuroanatomy via perivascular spaces (PVS) and trauma experience in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and in healthy controls using 7-Tesla MRI and a semi-automated segmentation algorithm. We found an association between experience with traumatic events and PVS volume suggesting an association between psychological trauma and glymphatic dysfunction.

Old animals have less anxiety-like behavior and stronger mPFC- medial amygdala connection than young ones.

Schematic of astrocyte activation induced by social isolation stress and increase in oxidative stress as well as modulation of NO/NMDAR pathway in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like behavior.

The onset of severe, drug-resistant seizures in early childhood is characteristic of the rare epileptic disorders Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and CDKL5 deficiency disorder and is frequently observed in the rare genetic conditions tuberous sclerosis complex and Rett syndrome. International collaboration to develop high-quality treatment guidelines is needed for optimal management of these conditions. This review aimed to assess content, availability, and development of treatment guidelines for these disorders in the Nordics region (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden).

This review describes behavioral tests and procedures used to assess the most common motor and nonmotor symptoms observed in alpha-synuclein transgenic mouse models of Parkinson's disease.

Fear of hypoglycemia is a phenomenon that affects people with diabetes experiencing hypoglycemia. On the one hand, fear of hypoglycemia is an adaptive mechanism that helps to protect patients from hypoglycemia and its consequences. On the other hand, the non-normative level of fear of hypoglycemia causes anxiety and tension, disturbs normal functioning, and makes normoglycemia maintenance difficult.

This study was the first to elucidate the downregulation of miR-223-3p expression in CCI-ION models of TN. Moreover, miR-223-3p overexpression was demonstrated to mitigate trigeminal neuropathic pain and inhibit neuroinflammation, and these effects may relate to the targeted relationship with MKNK2 and inhibition of the MAPK pathway. In the future work, we will establish the other experimental models such as the ligation of infraorbital nerve to investigate the antalgic role of miR-223-3p. Additionally, more upstream and downstream molecular mechanisms involved in miR-223-3p need to be investigated for deep understanding of the physiology of TN.

Bilateral posteroventral GPi DBS could relieve the motor tics and depressive symptoms of drug-resistant Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.

To explore the relationship of short tandem repeat (STR) loi with male schizophrenia, allelic and haplotypic distribution frequencies of 20 STRs on autosomal chromosomes were compared between schizophrenia patients and normal subjects in a population of Chinese males. Polymorphisms of the D13S317 and D5S818 loci may be associated with the onset of schizophrenia in males. Allele 11 and genotype 10-11 of the D13S317 locus and allele 7 and genotype 7-10 of the D5S818 locus may predispose patients to male schizophrenia.

Our analysis suggests that the following clinical factors are associated with OFLD: female biologic sex, increased mRS at admission, psychiatric symptoms, and seizures.

Posttraumatic stress disorder involves reexperiencing of a traumatic experience, including its sensory-perceptual elements. This study examined reexperiencing and other posttraumatic stress symptoms in relation to volumes of thalamic nuclei that were grouped based on their role in particular functions (sensory, cognitive, motor, arousal). We found that reexperiencing symptoms were associated with volumes of the motor thalamus, while anxious arousal symptoms are related to the size of all thalamic subregion volumes. These results suggest that thalamic nuclei involved in oculomotor control and motor planning may be implicated in posttraumatic reexperiencing symptoms.

The qEEG data revealed the highest current source density (CSD) for the alpha frequency band localized in the left frontotemporal network (FTN) upon exposure to funny clips. Additionally, left FTN acquired the highest value for theta coherence z-score, and the beta CSD predominantly fell upon the salience network (SN). These preliminary data support the notion that left FTN may be targeted as a cortical hub for noninvasive neuromodulation as a single or adjuvant therapy for affective disorders in the clinical setting.

Pesticide exposure has a certain role to play on neurobehavioral performance in adult male agricultural workers as more people have been affected; however, a considerable amount of confounding factors might have played a significant role in giving rise to such results. The government should concern about farmer's neurobehavioral performance and implement different approaches to minimize the use of pesticides so that agricultural workers can work without any mental health problems.

BCCAO MRI Dementia

Using a randomized sham-controlled parallel design, we evaluated whether six sessions of tDCS combined with computerized cognitive training reduced self-reported symptoms of fatigue and depression in chronic stroke patients. Measures of fatigue and depression were collected at five timepoints spanning two months. While symptoms of fatigue and depression were reduced during the course of the intervention, results revealed no add-on effect of tDCS.

Tactile processing is essential in early child development and continues to develop throughout childhood and adolescence. Here, we examine the development of tactile performance across 5 tasks in 142 children and adults aged 3–23 years. All tasks show a pattern of rapid age-related improvement that plateau by adulthood; however, there are pronounced differences in the rate of change. For example, we show a rapid decrease in reaction time (left) while simultaneous amplitude discrimination performance (right) develops more slowly.

This study provides a detailed model of the salience network (SN) based on its structural and functional connectivity within an anatomically specific parcellation scheme. A coordinate-based meta-analysis of the literature and subsequent tractographic analysis on identified regions demonstrate that the SN comprises three clusters of interconnected cortical regions that are extensively connected with both frontal aslant tract fibers and short local association fibers, generally forming a large cingulate and insular-opercular system. These results may serve as an empirical basis for clinical translation in this region and for future studies that seek to expand our understanding of how specific neural substrates are involved in salience processing and guide subsequent human behavior.

This study aims to explore the risk factors associated with impairment of cognitive function, alexithymia, and self-esteem among a representative sample of first-episode schizophrenic patients. High self-esteem and alexithymia are commonly encountered in schizophrenia patients. Poor cognitive function, self-esteem, and alexithymia may be a specific detective risk factor for the depressive symptoms of SCZ.

The manuscript focuses on the relevance of treatment break after twelve months of treatment with the CGRP monoclonal antibodies. Validated data obtained during in depth interviews obtained at the West-German Headache Center, Essen Germany was analyzed

Graphical Abstract:

Graphical abstract

We investigated global and regional grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes, WM lesion load, and corpus callosum index (CCI), in benign relapsing.]remitting MS (BRRMS, n = 35) with and without any treatment and compared those to aggressive relapsing.]remitting MS (ARRMS, n = 46). Structures were analyzed by using an automated MRI quantification tool (cNeuro®). In our study thalamic volume was the most prominent measure to differentiate BRRMS and ARRMS. Validation of automated quantification of CCI provides an additional applicable MRI biomarker to detect brain atrophy in MS.

Graphical Abstract: