The cover image is based on the Original Research Different FDG-PET metabolic patterns of anti-AMPAR and anti-NMDAR encephalitis: Case report and literature review by Yi-Chia Wei et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1540.

These results demonstrate a specific modulating role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in behavioral despair induced by chronic social defeat stress.

The dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist DA5-CH could reverse the STZ-induced memory impairments in a water maze task and decrease the levels of phosphorylated tauS396 protein in the hippocampus. In EEG recordings, theta band activity in the hippocampal CA1 region was normalized. Mitochondrial stress was alleviated, and growth factor signaling was also normalized as shown by the increased level of the transcription factor P-CREB-S133.

Tat-PDIA3 enhances cell proliferation and neuroblast numbers in the dentate gyrus in normal, but not in ischemic gerbils, by increasing BDNF mRNA and phosphorylation of pCREB.

Intranasal deferoxamine (IN DFO) decreases memory loss and has beneficial impacts across several models of neurologic disease and injury. We show that IN DFO improves memory from baseline in normal healthy mice while modifying GSK-3β and HIF-1α, suggesting these pathways may be involved in a common mechanism through which DFO enacts beneficial change.

Early life stress affects anxiety and depressive behaviors in adolescent mice in a manner specific to sexes and stressors. These effects are transient and occurred during adolescence.

There are a few number of comparative studies between duloxetine and pregabalin in the treatment of neuropathic pain from Turkey and as well as we know this is the first study comparing these treatments in lung cancer patients. Our aim is to show the efficacy of duloxetine and pregabalin and compare their efficacy in neuropathic pain of lung cancer patients.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by an impairment in social cognition (SC). We applied the graph theory to SC measures to verify how the SC components interact and to establish which they are important within interacting SC networks, for Typically Developing (TD) and ASD groups. Results showed that in the TD group, the SC nodes are connected instead, the SC network in ASD group showed that nodes are highly disconnected.

Lower-intensity treadmill exercise could increase the number of BrdU/NeuN colabeled cells, but not total BrdU-retaining and BrdU/Sox2-colabeled cells, in the peri-infarct region of the ipsilateral cortex. Interestingly, high-intensity treadmill or voluntary exercises exerted the opposite effects.

Glucose metabolism patterns were different in anti-AMPAR and anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Hypometabolism was frontal-dominant in anti-AMPAR encephalitis but occipital-dominant in anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The topographical differences might be related to receptor density.

It was reported elevated serum uric acid (SUA) has been associated with vascular cognitive impairment (CI) in the elderly. However, its relationship with cognitive function in the elderly patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) has not been elucidated. Herein, we enrolled 180 elderly HD subjects from two hospitals. Their cognitive function domains were evaluated using MMSE scores at the beginning of the trial, and their demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. We found that the elevated SUA maybe contributes to cognitive impairment in the elderly HD patients.

An albumin-binding dye Evans blue (EB) was injected intravenously in normal rats; then, neurons of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (HIP) rapidly entrapped the dye, as in the arcuate nucleus (Arc). This suggests that circulating proteins may be accessible to the hippocampus constitutively to act on neurons directly.

A 66-year-old man presented with progressive executive dysfunction, personality and behavioral changes, memory decline, and asymmetric motor symptoms. Brain molecular imaging revealed amyloid and tau retention, which suggest the diagnosis of frontal variant of Alzheimer's disease.

The prognosis of encephalitis associated with AMPA receptor (AMPAR) and CRMP5 antibodies is worse than that of the encephalitis associated with AMPAR antibodies alone. The most likely cause is that this encephalitis is more likely to be accompanied by malignant tumors, leading to a poor prognosis. Further studies aimed at the prognosis of this type of encephalitis are warranted.

The study evaluates knowledge, attitudes, and practices about epilepsy among school teachers of primary and secondary schools in the city of Niamey, capital of Niger. The study results revealed a low level of general knowledge about epilepsy among respondents, of whom only 42.1% think that epilepsy is a brain disease. 15.9% and 46.2% of the respondents considered epilepsy to be a psychiatric illness and a contagious disease, respectively. 6.9% of the respondents considered epilepsy to be an incurable disease.

The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire 6.0 (EDE-Q 6.0) is one of the most broadly used self-report tools that assesses attitudes and behaviors associated with eating disorders (EDs). The aim of the present study was to examine the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Lithuanian version of the EDE-Q 6.0 (LT-EDE-Q 6.0) in a nonclinical student sample. The results of the current study preliminarily support the applicability, validity, and reliability of the LT-EDE-Q 6.0 in a nonclinical Lithuanian student sample. The Lithuanian version of this instrument should be further investigated with clinical samples to identify clinically diagnosed cases.

Our data demonstrate that adenosine A₁ receptors maintain an inhibitory tone on GluA1 S845 phosphorylation under normal conditions. Blocking this inhibitory tone leads to the upregulation of GluA1 S845 phosphorylation in the striatum, mPFC, and hippocampus via a D₁-dependent manner.

Prenatal exposure to low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like features. In later life, LPS-treated mice showed increased expression of Aβ42, p-tau, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and these neuropathological indicators correlated with impaired spatial cognition.

Reaching task performance. Brain ischemia and his effects in Reaching task.

The MARLS+ patients had a significant higher frequency for sensory aura symptom than MARLS− patients. The MORLS+ patients were significantly younger in the initial age of migraine onset, and more severe in the pain intensity than that in MORLS− patients. There was no relationship between the degree of shunt and the clinical parameters of headache.

Radiotherapy causes burdensome side effects that seriously affected the quality of life (QOL). Apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 (ApoB/ApoA1) ratio was positively correlated with radiotherapy induce brain necrosis (RN) volume and negatively correlated with QOL. ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was an independent risk factor of RN volume, suggesting a bright intervention target in RN treatment.

Mnemonic discrimination is a fundamental component of episodic memory that has typically been attributed to the hippocampus, with little attention paid to regions beyond the medial temporal lobe. Here, we examined neural signatures of mnemonic discrimination across the brain. Results revealed significant activity in hippocampus and occipital cortex, but only hippocampal activity predicted mnemonic discrimination performance.

Bacterial, viral, or overall infection was associated with increased Parkinson's disease risk. Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis C virus, Malassezia, and pneumoniae infection were positively associated with the risk of Parkinson's disease. However, infection of herpes virus, hepatitis B virus, pertussis, scarlet fever, mumps, chicken pox, influenza virus, measles, and German measles was not.

Continued mobility in the presence of severe weight loss is a well-known, yet insufficiently researched characteristic of anorexia nervosa (AN). This study explored the question whether and to what extent AN patients might be aware of an increased urge to move and physical and mental-restlessness at the time of their greatest weight loss. Over 80% of AN patients reported experiencing either, an increased urge for movement, physical or mental restlessness after significant weight loss. Altogether 95.1% reported one or a combination of two or all three symptoms. These findings suggest a unique physiological adaptation of energy regulating pathways in AN.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of individual and combined single-nucleotide polymorphisms in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), dopamine transporter (DAT), and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes with the occurrence of motor levodopa-induced complications (MLIC) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Seventy-six patients with PD and 60 controls were included. Allelic discrimination of rs6265 BDNF (Val66Met), rs397595 DAT (SLC6A3), and rs4680 COMT (Val158Met) genes were genotyped. The risk of PD in subjects with the AG BDNF genotype was increased sixfold, and AG BDNF and AG DAT genotypes were correlated with PD in orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). OPLS model showed that genotype combination AG BDNF, AG DAT, and GG COMT was correlated with MLIC and genotypes combination GG BDNF, AA DAT, and AA COMT with lack of MLIC in PD patients.

Although qualitative or semiquantitative clinical grades (such as WFNS grade and modified Fisher grade) are well known to be associated with DCI following aSAH, identification of an easily measurable and more objective biomarker for predicting DCI might be helpful for early prediction and risk mitigation. In the current study, we found that the early stage neuroglobin level was a significant predictor of DCI in aSAH patients. Furthermore, combined use of WFNS grade and Ngb level might be able to better identify aSAH patients with high risk of DCI.

This article summarizes the causes of depression in a group of college students and also justifies the use of nonclinical intervention to reduce depression among adolescents. Mathematical model of symptoms and nonclinical interventions—A theoretical model based on subjective well-being and three variables of Emotional Quotient namely Attention, Clarity, and Reparation. The 4 nonclinical interventions of ϵ, negative peer pressure, δ, positive peer pressure, α, rate of doing physical exercise; and β, rate of using technology govern the movement between the three vulnerabilities.

Infarction location in the cerebellum and/or dorsal brainstem is an independent predictor of vertigo. Furthermore, larger infarction volume in these structures is associated with vertigo. A considerable proportion of patients with vascular vertigo present without focal neurological deficits posing a diagnostic challenge.

ACI patients with AR have a higher plasma 4-HNE level, suggesting that 4-HNE may be a factor contributing to aspirin resistance. And AR has a higher CI recurrence rate compared with the patients without AR.

Childhood trauma occurs in 70.3% of patients with conversion disorder/FND. Childhood sexual abuse is significantly associated with poor treatment outcome for physical symptoms in patients with conversion disorder/FND. Randomized clinical trials evaluating treatment models addressing childhood sexual abuse in conversion disorder/FND are needed.

Early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is challenging as such; there is a growing interest in detecting early brain markers of ASD. Here, we examine the EEG of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in the transition from infancy to toddlerhood. We found topographically distinct decreased fast theta oscillations (5–7.25 Hz), decreased fast sigma (15–16 Hz), and increased beta oscillations (20–25 Hz) in ASD.

BDI-II Bangla version is highly correlated with original English, and Interitem correlation for all the items was found highly significant. It retained two-factor loading comprising Cognitive and Somatic-affective symptoms. Through the translation and validation process, a validated Bangla version of BDI-II was produced to measure depression and its severity among Bengali population.

The progression of certain domains of manic symptoms shows sex difference. Female manic patients had better insight into their illness compared to manic males who exhibited more sexual interest, disruptive, and aggressive behaviors, but better appearance. Both males and females received comparable doses of antipsychotics and lithium. Valproic acid (VPA) doses were significantly higher in males compared to females. However, VPA plasma concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups.