The sequential bilateral low-frequency rTMS over DLPFC significantly improves primary insomnia probably by increasing the level of BDNF and GABA in the brain and reducing cortical excitability.

Our result showed that irrespective of stroke severity, a linear trend between onset-to-treatment time and recanalization was found in posterior circulation stroke with intravenous thrombolysis. That is, despite a greater ischemic tolerance and safer profile in bleeding complications when compared with anterior circulation stroke, the recanalization after intravenous thrombolysis was still time-dependent for posterior circulation stroke, which was not investigated in previous studies.

Little is known about the effects of CBT on white matter in OCD patients. We investigated white matter changes and the effect of CBT on white matter in unmedicated OCD patients using diffusion tensor tractography. OCD patients showed significant abnormalities of white matter microstructure in some brain areas, and these abnormalities may be partly reversed by CBT. The recovery of white matter fiber connections was correlated with an improvement in obsessive–compulsive symptoms. CBT inversion of partial white matter microstructure abnormalities can be used as an imaging index to predict the efficacy of CBT in the treatment of OCD.

Leptin reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Leptin-mediated reduction in ROS involved the enzymatic activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain. Leptin increased the level of STAT3 phosphorylation in mitochondria.

Eleven studies with a total of 3,539 subjects, including 373 patients with END and 3,166 patients without END, met the eligibility criteria. The pooled analysis showed that the rate of END occurring after thrombolytic therapy of the 11 studies was about 11.0% (95% CI: 7.8%–14.3%). This finding may provide a scientific reference for researchers to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thrombolytic therapy.

The present study investigated functional as well as seed-based connectivity of the default mode network, salience network, and executive network in individuals with bulimic-type eating disorders (BTE) such as binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa (BN). Individuals with BTE exhibit aberrant functional connectivity in these networks. The BN group exhibited increased connectivity between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the retrosplenial cortex which was also positively related to frequency of binges experiences by individuals with BN.

The present study examined brain microstructural differences associated with risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) and tested whether these are normalized in at-risk offspring who report high importance of religion/spirituality (R/S). The analyses suggested that R/S beliefs may affect microstructure in brain regions associated with R/S, potentially conferring resilience to depression among individuals at high familial risk for the disorder.

We show how genetic changes affecting neuroendocrine and neurotransmission pathways affect subtherapeutical mood states in a gender-dependent manner. MAOA-rs3788862 correlates with decreasing levels of tension among females while correlating with lower GHQ-28 depression score among males. Equivalently, SLC18A1 and HTR2A variants correlated with anger and vigor scores only among males. From the neuroendocrine system, OPRM1-rs1799971 correlated increasing levels of female’s Anxiety, depression and Social Dysfunction scores. Our findings suggest that these polymorphisms contribute to define general population mood levels, although exhibiting a clear sexual dimorphism.

Based on several published evidences on the occurrence of cognitive impairment during MS, the main aim of this investigation was to suggest novel molecular hypothesis that may sustain the onset of these disabling symptoms, as well as they may cause changes in the regional brain volumes of MS patients. We believe that the potential of our research will be useful also for the clinical practice.

This is a case–control study about the association between polymorphisms in the promoter region of dopamine receptor D2 gene and schizophrenia in the northern Chinese Han population. And we found the genotype frequencies of rs7116768 (p = 0.025) and rs1799732 (p = 0.042) were associated meagerly.

Using design-based stereology, we have measured the effects of a stress-induced depression model (chronic restraint stress, CRS) and ECS on the morphology of the hippocampus.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody (CGRP mAb) is a promising preventive treatment for migraine. And erenumab is approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration in preventing episodic migraine recently. And the present meta-analysis shown that CGRP mAb is an effective and safety treatment for chronic migraine, of which preventive treatments are rarely.

We examined the effects of humor as an emotion regulation strategy in remitted depression; fifty-five previously depressed outpatients took part in a laboratory computer experiment. The obtained findings provided support for an idea that for remitted depressed patients, humor can be a beneficial tool in dealing with negative, potentially triggering, experiences. Humor was found to down-regulate negative emotions, up-regulate positive emotions, and increase the distance from adversity; it was more beneficial than spontaneous emotion regulation and similarly advantageous to positive reappraisal.

This article describes a correlation between task-related differences in parieto-frontal functional connectivity and creativity. In addition, gender influenced the topography and time of appearance of this functional connectivity correlate.

The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) was measured at the beginning of hospitalization. Baseline regional activity of the brain seems to be able to predict early response to treatment for schizophrenia.