IFN-betas in RRMS, from paradigm shift to innovation. Two decades as platform treatment including innovative development as immune modulating therapy.

The frontal cognitive impairments detected by the FAB are related to gray matter atrophy in the orbitofrontal gyrus even in patients with early-stage ALS, and these associations are not due to motor impairment or respiratory failure.

Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP) remains a pronounced therapeutic challenge. Atypical antipsychotic was often accompanied by adverse drug reactions. Pimavanserin could be a better alternative in the treatment of PDP.

Sexual dysfunction is one of the common symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and is often underdiagnosed, especially in women. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is the most widespread form of the disease, but the data on SD occurrence in this particular group of patients is limited. Presented study analyzes this topic on the highly-selected group of patients.

We identified and characterized the top 100 cited articles concerning central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating disease in global level. The detailed list of citation classics on neuromyelitis optica were presented separately. This study provides a historical perspective on the research progress on CNS inflammatory demyelinating disease and may serve as a guide for important advances and trends in the field for associated researchers.

Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has become in an attractive biomarker for suicide behavior. Using a meta-analysis approach, we assess BDNF levels in blood plasma, serum to see whether there is a difference in concentrations in patients with suicide behavior when compared to those in controls. The meta-analysis showed that plasma BDNF level could be used as a potential biomarker in suicide behavior.

This study suggests that upregulation in DREAM protein expression in CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG regions of rat's hippocampus may involve in the mechanism of nicotine treatment-prevented REM sleep deprivation-induced learning and memory in rat.

Sex differences in C57BL6/J mice were observed for both behavior and overall health when consuming high-fat diet and alcohol. Female mice were more resistant to changes in behavior and health when consuming high-fat diet as they exhibited reduced body weight gain, reduced insulin levels, and had increased locomotion in the open field compared to males. While female mice consumed more ethanol, ethanol was able to equally improve glucose tolerance and worsen anxiety in both sexes.

Elevated cardiac troponin was associated with an almost five-fold increased risk of cerebral herniation, and intracerebral hemorrhage patients with elevated troponin had larger hematoma volume at follow-up.

The purpose of the present report was to examine how different aspects of swallowing and eating are affected by caudal zona incerta deep brain stimulation. The actual study also includes an analysis of weight change after deep brain stimulation and specific items from the second part of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Caudal zona incerta deep brain stimulation does not seem to have a negative impact on swallowing safety in this extended sample.

We decoded speech information from single trial frequency-following responses (FFRs) using machine learning principles. The findings suggest that FFRs can be reliably decoded using interpretable features.

The purpose of the experiment is to characterize the Plantar Exteroceptive Inefficiency (PEI) better and see if a synergy in the use of plantar and visual afferents can be objectified. We assessed the sensorial preferences for postural control in quiet stance of 48 young and healthy subjects. The main results are that there normally exists a synergy in the use of plantar and visual afferents, but only at 40 cm and in the absence of PEI; the latter interferes with the role of vision in postural control.

In this study, which was designed as a prospective nonanonymous online questionnaire, we analyzed patients’ acceptance for risks connected with the MS treatment. The patients with faster progression of the disease were likely to accept risky “curative” treatments. Over 81% of patients accepted mortality rates over 1% for the treatment that achieves self-defined cure.

Epigenetics is the beginning of a new frontier in studies of complex diseases. Epigenetic modifications are reversible, and in a sense this modification is a dynamic process, allowing the cell to become more responsive to environment stimuli. Suicidal behavior includes a broad spectrum and many risk and protective factors. Suicide risk assessment is challenging for several reasons, so an objective and quantitative method is urgently needed. This study tried to explore the association between lncRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with suicide risk level, and obtain a prediction equation.

The Chinese version of the PFS is a valid measure for assessing fatigue in PD. The fatigue severity in PD was positively correlated with disease duration, disease stage, motor function, depression, and anxiety. Fatigue in PD was not correlated with onset age or cognitive function.

(1) Intracallosal neurons expressing NK1, the principal SP receptor, are visible since P5; (2) at P5, their distribution is already similar to that seen in the adult; (3) their number increase between P5 and P10, then declines, but unlike other intracallosal neurons, NK1_IP-n make up a significant population in the adult cc; (4) intracallosal NK1_IP-n size increase with age; (5) starting at P20, intracallosal NK1_IP-n form a heterogeneous population.

Brain areas with significant differences between the patients with leukoaraiosis (LA) and the controls in their amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and functional connectivity. Compared with normal controls, the LA group exhibited significantly decreased ALFF in the left parahippocampal gyrus (PHR) and increased ALFF in the left inferior semi-lunar lobule and right frontal superior orbital gyrus (SOFG). The LA patients showed an increasing connectivity between the right insular region and the right SOFG and between the right calcarine cortex and the left PHR.

Viewing snake images accelerates their color-naming in humans with or without intellectual disorders. Fear has a motivating effect in them.

We show that the brain regions that encode rats’ decisions to prevent other rats from being shocked overlap with those involved in self-reports of human empathy. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these rat intersubjective decisions are encoded by frequency-specific oscillations across brain regions in addition to isolated activity occurring within brain regions. These results show the promise of using rodent models to understand the neural mechanisms mediating decisions to alleviate others’ pain, and highlight the importance of studying neural context in the social brain.

We developed a novel surgical technique called nerve-muscle-endplate band grafting (NMEG) for muscle reinnervation. Experimentally denervated sternomastoid muscle in the rat was reinnervated by transferring a NMEG from the ipsilateral sternohyoid muscle to the native motor zone (NMZ) of the target muscle. Our findings suggest that the NMZ of the denervated muscle is an ideal site for NMEG implantation and for the development of new procedures to achieve sufficient axonal regeneration, rapid endplate reinnervation, and optimal functional recovery.

In this article, we provide novel information about the quantity and content of long-term informal support provided by spouses of midlife stroke survivors. The main finding is that the cost of informal support provided to midlife stroke survivors is of a major magnitude, even 7 years after stroke onset. We also show that the cost of the informal support is highly associated with the dependency (modified Rankin Scale 3–5) of the stroke survivors, more than 7 years after stroke. The mean annual cost of informal support provided for independent stroke survivors was estimated at €991 and €25,127 for dependent stroke survivor.

Childhood trauma and negative memory bias have been associated with depression and anxiety disorders. We examined the quantitative relationship between the frequency and diversity of traumatic childhood events, strength of memory bias, and presence and number of comorbid psychiatric disorders in a large naturalistic psychiatric patient sample. Both childhood trauma and negative memory bias may be risk factors for a broader spectrum of psychiatric diagnoses as well as for comorbidity between disorders.

LDL-C may be associated with both the pathogenesis and progression of intracranial BAD. The LSA infarction was the most frequent subtypes in PAI. Age at onset and HbA1c seem to be closely associated with the PPA infarction of first-ever PAI.

In this manuscript, we investigated the association between impairments in cognitive subdomains and motor features in 96 Chinese PD patients. Overall, executive function and attention was associated with bradykinesia and rigidity, while visuospatial function was associated with bradykinesia and tremor. Of which, the correlation between visuospatial memory reservation and tremor was not reported previously, probably reflecting the involvement of other non-dopaminergic transmitter systems like acetylcholine underlying these functions.

With the use of computed tomography perfusion, we aim to evaluate the impact of Rosuvastatin on cerebral hemodynamic changes, as well as the downstream perfusion. This trial concerning the effects of statin on the temporal hemodynamic progression of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) may extend our understanding of the basic pathophysiology and mechanisms of stroke in ICAS patients.