The cover image is based on the Case Report Cauda Equina Syndrome in an Ovarian Malignant-Mixed Müllerian Tumor with Leptomeningeal Spread by Joshua Bernstock, Gustavo Chagoya, Andrew Janssen et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.2472

The cover image is based on the Case Report Knot My Problem: Overcoming Transradial Catheter Complications by Melanie Walker, Michael Levitt, and Basavaraj Ghodke https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.2537

Transient loss of consciousness initially diagnosed as epileptic seizures and then documented as paroxysmal atrioventricular block. Cardiac resynchronization and defibrillator therapy guided by a multimodality approach.

Gestational trophoblastic disease can result in serious complications and disease progression. Therefore, follow-up of such patients is essential for early detection of malignant trophoblastic tumors and to reduce mortality rate. Primary treatment is chemotherapy but hysterectomy should be considered in patients who have uncontrollable hemorrhage and hemodynamic instability.

This case highlights the importance antibiotic stewardship, including reexamining current regimens use for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, which may be accountable for the shift in organism responsible for some cases of early-onset sepsis.

Although there are numerous reports of heterozygous 15q13.3 microdeletion, homozygous 15q13.3 microdeletion is rare. We report a new patient with homozygous microdeletion of 15q13.2q13.3 and review the previous literature reports. Common clinical features include encephalopathy, hypotonia, developmental delay, cortical vision impairment, optic nerve abnormality, epilepsy, and abnormal EEG findings.

Craniocerebral metastases as the initial spread of supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are exceptional. The presence of several months' history of dysphagia, dyspnea, cachexia, tobacco/alcohol abuse, and seizure(s) is suspicious of craniocerebral metastases from an advanced-stage supraglottic SCC. Physicians should be aware since early diagnosis, and treatment may increase patient survival.

In renal tumors, suspicious for renal cell carcinoma, where there is any doubt and discrepancy between morphology and immune profile, we recommend performing further immunohistochemical staining for pan-cytokeratin, S100, NSE, and inhibin-alpha. Thus, follow-up overtreatment can be avoided in cases of benign kidney tumors.

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is known to cause hypercoagulability, affecting a wide range of vessels, systematically. A 56-year-old woman was referred to our center with severe epigastric pain, with the history of APS. She was treated with packed cells, fresh frozen plasma and anticoagulation therapies.

Dental implant placement in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome could be accomplished, and it may turn into a successful treatment for edentulous sites and functionally stabilized for long life. However, a proper patient selection, accurate medical consultation with physician, atraumatic surgery, and other important cautions should be considered.

In patients with influenza-related myocarditis, prompt diagnosis and treatment are important. Intravenous zanamivir can be an alternative to oral oseltamivir, especially in severe cases and when drug intestinal malabsorption is suspected or proven.

Leptomeningeal metastasis is extremely rare in patients with ovarian cancer, but should be considered in patients presenting with neurologic deficits such as cauda equine syndrome. Given its poor prognosis and lack of data currently on management, additional studies are needed to optimize treatment regimens and improve outcomes.

Mammary tuberculosis is exceptional in developed countries. It can mimic an abscess or a granulomatous mastitis. In subjects coming from endemic areas, it is necessary to suspect a tuberculosis infection in case of recurrent mastitis refractory to antibiotics. Positivity of Quantiferon-TB Gold assay can help to confirm the clinical suspicion.

To date, cryptococcosis remains sporadic in Europe, and this is a case of canine cryptococcosis with ocular and CNS involvement in continental Europe with identification of the organism on cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) cytology and description of the clinical and MRI features, and outcome.

Given the limited lifespan and with the recent progress in experimental treatments for WS, timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment for DI/DM, hydronephrosis, and visual/psychiatric status—maintaining quality of life—are of crucial importance.

Clitoral cyst can be easily mistaken for a vaginal mass lesion and should be considered in the differential diagnosis for a female dog presenting with an anatomically abnormal external genital examination.

Thalidomide is often used for the management of refractory gastrointestinal angiodysplasia (GIAD) bleeding. The tolerance, toxic profile, and compliance of thalidomide are dose-dependent. The low-dose thalidomide (50 mg) is safe and a viable option for bleeding related to GIAD.

Conduction patterns during therapy-resistant atrial fibrillation (AF) are highly dissociated and show long lines of conduction block. As long as the presence and extensiveness of the arrhythmogenic substrate underlying AF remains poorly understood and cannot be evaluated in the individual patient, none of the present available antiarrhythmic treatment modalities will be effective.

The results of this case suggest that the IMAP propeller flap may be a viable and safe option for deep sternal wound reconstruction with minimal donor-site morbidity.

Unusual manifestations of TB may include gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, constipation, and IVC thrombosis. These symptoms may be misdiagnosed for carcinomatosis. According to our study even with medical advances, the diagnosis of GI TB is still enormously difficult.

Two phase 3 trials reported a prolonged survival in the third-line setting of colorectal cancer patients treated with regorafenib with the longest duration of treatment of 16 months. Herein, we reported a unique case of a patient refractory to conventional chemotherapy who showed a prolonged stable disease with regorafenib.

Breast cancer is a common entity that can be difficult to diagnose. This case demonstrates the limitations of breast cancer diagnostics. Particularly, how the available imaging techniques and even biopsy can potentially miss a malignancy. It exemplifies the role immunohistochemistry staining plays in the diagnosis of cancers of unclear origin.

We describe a patient with Castleman's disease with TAFRO syndrome and concurrent Sjögren's syndrome and investigate whether the autoimmune process may have accelerated the onset of her Castleman's disease. Treated with R-CVP therapy with remission of symptoms although there is no current standard treatment.

This report highlights the clinical features seen in duplication of 8q22.1q23.1 inherited from balanced father. It stresses the importance of obtaining a karyotype to identify the location of a large copy number variant for accurate recurrence risk estimation.

Intramuscular myxoma (IM) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm with the incidence of one per 1 000 000 people and is reported greater among women. Our case reports an IM of a deltoid muscle in a young man. Differential diagnosis with sarcoma is important. Surgery is the treatment of choice usually without recurrence.

This report highlights the need for distinction between saccular and fusiform aortic aneurysms, considering the high risk of rupture of saccular aneurysms. The management of dissected saccular aneurysms involves elective replacement of the dissected aorta while preserving the aortic valve.

Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder is a provisional entity according to the last WHO-EORTC classification. The treatment of choice has not yet been defined. Local therapies have been used with variable response. Doxycycline as a main treatment option is a potential low-cost and effective alternative for this disorder.

This series presents an adult procedure that benefits young patients with persistent air leaks. This less invasive procedure can be done outpatient with adult/pediatric bronchoscopists providing patients with less invasive procedures with better outcomes.

Childhood rosacea presents a diagnostic difficulty due to the lack of diagnostic criteria and potential mimics. Ocular involvement is a frequent complication of rosacea in children and may appear before cutaneous findings. It is important for clinicians to be aware of these and to screen patients appropriately in order for timely treatment to be instituted.

Poroma, a benign sweat tumor, commonly presents with a nontender papule on the extremities. It can appear with a blinking light appearance on dermoscopy in real time.

Nonpuerperal uterine inversion is a very rare event. We reported on the first ever case of nonpuerperal uterine inversion due to adenomyosis. Magnetic resonance imaging is recommended in cases with an unusual vaginal mass, so that this possible uterine etiology can be taken into consideration.

Besides violence, the risk of under nutrition and infection, migrant children with noncommunicable chronic diseases face serious challenges in the management of their conditions. Management of diabetic ketoacidosis in a severely malnourished patient includes careful hydration, therapeutic feeding, and monitoring

Intravascular B-cell Lymphoma is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder with a none specific clinical presentation. The association of cutaneous telangiectasia-like lesions and elevated inflammatory markers should be guaranteed a skin biopsy.

Ergometrine is recommended for use in the medical treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. Ergometrine can occasionally precipitate myocardial ischemia in the setting of significant anemia in women without preexisting cardiac risk factors, and it is important to recognize and treat myocardial ischemia in affected patients to prevent severe complications.

The profile of antimicrobial resistance (ie, antibiogram) may be disparate between children and adults. An infant developed severe deep neck infection with a multidrug-resistant microbe. The microbe was more drug-resistant in children than in adults, in our hospital. Treatment of a child should be guided by the antibiogram obtained from children.

New autologous skin regeneration technology yielded full-thickness skin as evidenced by clinical observation and skin biopsy 5 months after surgery, providing relief for debilitating split-thickness skin graft contracture in pediatric burn case.

Clinical features that suggest that a first episode of psychosis is caused by autoimmune encephalitis include the following: (a) lack of long-term (cognitive and negative) psychiatric prodromes; (b) the presence of an atypical psychotic clinical profile; and (c) hypersensitivity to the side effect of antipsychotic medications.

Despite the partial attachment of a complex odontoma to an impacted tooth, it is possible to guide the tooth to erupt normally and preserve it by step lesion excavation and the prevention of infection.

This case highlights the first reported association of doxorubicin with takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) presenting as cardiogenic shock during the first continuous infusion in a patient with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. We aim to raise awareness to recognize and distinguish between irreversible doxorubicin-associated cardiomyopathy and reversible doxorubicin-associated TC in patients with cancer.

Panhypopituitarism secondary to Neurosarcoidosis is a rare however serious complication. This diagnosis should remain in the differential in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. Biopsy of lesions will give definitive diagnosis.

Using whole exome sequencing, we found a pathogenic variant in the EEF1A2 gene in a patient with a Rett syndrome-like (RTT-like) phenotype, further confirming the association between EEF1A2 and Rett syndrome RTT and RTT-like phenotypes.

Necrotizing Sweet syndrome is a recently described entity that can pose significant challenges for management. Although necrotizing fasciitis can be rapidly fatal in the absence of prompt surgical management, necrotizing Sweet syndrome may actually be worsened by any surgical intervention. Authors want to emphasize and increase awareness of this rare presentation.

A 41-year-old man with abdominal enlargement, as a result of large retroperitoneal Schwannoma, was reported to our center. It was seen to have caused the displacement of the colon and was attached to the presacral region of the spine. Following the diagnosis, successful resection of Schwannoma was achieved.

Chronic cutaneous graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) has several atypical variants. We describe two cases of GVHD with clinical and histopathologic features of pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP), which responded to additional immunosuppression. Recognition of this newly described PRP-like clinical presentation of GVHD may prompt early consideration of additional steroid-sparing therapies.

As the field of neurogenetics is expanding rapidly and variant classification criteria evolve, the clinical utility of reanalysis to obtain updated classification of pathogenicity predication is described in a pregnant patient with a diagnosis of familial hemiplegic migraine.

This is the first case report of alectinib as a bridge to allo-SCT in a patient with ALK-positive ALCL refractory to both conventional chemotherapies and BV. This report offers a ray of hope for a condition with poor prognosis.

Sinus node (SN) function is an important prognostic factor of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, AF ablation guideline has not recommended SN function test before ablation. SN function testing before AF ablation in patients with tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome should be beneficial to determine further therapy strategies and prognosis.

Head and neck cancer is a diverse group of rare diseases such as neuroendocrine tumors which can be thought of as extrapulmonary small-cell cancer. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation can frequently cure this disease, possibly due to early detection.

Hematologic abnormalities are an important part of the diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This case presents a patient diagnosed with Evans Syndrome with underlying SLE on initial presentation.

Multifocal fibromatosis is a rare entity. We report on two cases where multifocal disease developed after surgical resection. Chronic inflammation and repetitive trauma may be considered a risk factor for developing multifocal disease.

Poor delimitation from the viable brain, great genetic heterogeneity, lack of tumor vascularisation are factors that preclude intravenous chemotherapy. Interstitial chemotherapy could be a strategy to avoid a blood-brain barrier and to assure a minimal dose concentration of the chemotherapy agent. Doxorubicin might be devoid of neurotoxic effects and still efficient on remaining far-infiltrated tumor cells.

Classical homeopathy can be included among the treatment options for congenital heterotopic ossification.

Here, we describe a case of giant cell arteritis (GCA) simultaneously diagnosed with chronic subdural hematoma. In this case, head to chest computed tomography angiography was useful for the diagnosis and treatment of GCA.

Alopecia areata is a common autoimmune disease, with a negative impact in health-related quality of life, especially when affecting children and adolescents. Current medical therapies, mainly for severe disease, are not effective (Semin Cut Med Surg, 2015; 34:72). There are no FDA (Food and Drug Administration)- or ANVISA (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária)-approved therapy for children with alopecia areata. JAK inhibitors are emerging as a promising therapy.

Apixaban is becoming more frequently prescribed for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation, and even rare side effects such as thrombocytopenia should be considered and monitored closely.

Sheathless guiding catheters are a valuable tool in the catheterization labor and may assist the operator when dealing with heavily calcified and tortuous vessels. Nevertheless, when hostile anatomy prevents successful PCI from the radial access, transfemoral use of sheathless guide can assist in overcoming these challenges in a safe manner.

Three cases with severe horizontal bone deficiency on mandibular posterior region were committed by modified alveolar ridge augmentation. The therapeutic outcomes show that it is an effective methodology in cases with compromised horizontal bone.

Colorectal perforation after barium enema it is a rare complication, but has a high mortality rate. With the emergence of endoscopic examinations, barium enemas have fallen into disuse and doctors are less aware of its complications. This case is of the utmost importance as failure to recognize it could be fatal.

With an increasingly aging population, it is of extreme importance to exclude potentially reversible dementias, such as hyperparathyroidism with hypercalcemia, in the differential diagnosis of a rapidly progressive dementia. According to literature, this entity is undervalued and it is highly relevant to be aware of it.

Situs inversus totalis has been reported as a rare entity. The detailed knowledge of the human structure and its anatomical variations is of great importance for the daily clinical practice and even more critical in emergency medicine. Such a condition may elude in routine patient evaluation or an urgent interventional procedure, with potentially fatal results.

Rotated mesiodentes impaction is a rare variant of dental anatomy which may cause a cluster of symptoms damaging nearby structures. Although some recommend a delayed approach, after the end of teeth development, it seems that an immediate surgical removal would be of great benefit for the patients involved.

Relapse of FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following allogeneic stem cell transplantation is associated with poor survival. The clinical utility of sorafenib monotherapy in this setting is described in a patient presenting as leukemia cutis.

One of the most important differential diagnoses that not to be missed in patients with hyperpigmentation changes in the skin is Addison's. The diagnosis of the disease is relatively difficult, and its misdiagnosis leads to dangerous morbidity and even mortality. It confirms by cosyntropin test.

Isolated unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a rare malformation. It is associated with respiratory symptoms, such as dyspnea or hemoptysis. We suggest that surgical treatment should be positively considered in patients with UAPA who are severely symptomatic and who have no other cardiovascular or respiratory comorbidities.

Schwannoma is usually benign, encapsulated spindle cell tumor which arises from schwann cells of nerve sheath, and is the most common of the neurogenic mediastinal tumors. Various imaging modalities can be applied to assess posterior mediastinal mass which is often found incidentally without symptom and frequently misdiagnosed for other benign conditions both clinically and radiologically in which clinicians should be aware of.

A surgical procedure may lead to unusual and unexpected clinical scenario. Good medical practice should always keep it in mind. So, a broken sternal steel wire was the rare cause of massive emphysema.

Emphysematous vaginitis represents a rare and self-limited condition, which presents with vaginal discharge. Despite its benignity, it has some worrisome imaging features, which should be recognized in order to avoid unnecessary invasive procedures.

Extension of inflammation into the scrotum is rare in acute pancreatitis. If inflammation spreads in the scrotum, it may become severe. Clinicians should be aware of this condition as a possible complication. Proactive imaging testing is recommended when complaining of cyst swelling or testicular pain.

The pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema can repetitively occur in human H5N6 virus pneumonia. Prompt treatment of this uncommon complication is important for successful rescue of patients with H5N6 virus pneumonia.

Not all complications from transradial access can be prevented, even with diligent patient selection and preprocedure planning. This brief visual report offers technical suggestions to reverse knots and kinks encountered during catheter manipulation for endovascular transradial cerebral procedures.

In patients who had no medical care for years, it is wise to expect the unexpected. Here, a gigantic liver cyst compressed abdominal organs, vessels, and the gut. The patient is thus far doing well in a nursing home, exemplifying the low amount of residual liver tissue necessary for survival.

Renal cyst shrinkage is a rare finding. Since the collapsed cystic walls may mimic soft tissue components, this scenario has to be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant renal cysts.

Rolando fractures are associated with poor prognosis and when they occur on the dominant hand potential for disability is even greater. Timely imaging, placement into a thumb spica splint, and orthopedic surgery evaluation are integral to ensuring the best possible outcome for the patient.

Solitary juvenile polyp is a nonneoplastic condition but needs to be differentiated from a premalignant condition juvenile polyposis syndrome.

Lateral neck masses may be due to congenital, infectious, or malignant disease. Sometimes, the mass can be the only sign of an asymptomatic cancer. A correct clinical approach and the differential diagnosis are the key points for a correct diagnosis.