Aerobic exercise can improve the executive function of ADHD children, and the brain mechanism involved is mainly related to the enhancement of spontaneous prefrontal lobe activity.

Sunset Yellow FCF reduced anterior cingulate cortex volume, decreased neural and glial cell count and impaired spatial memory of rats. Co-treatment with CoQ10 prevented the neural and glial cell loss, improved anxiety-like behaviours and protected against memory impairment.

Amusia is associated with deficits in both acoustic and musical pitch discrimination. Early identification of amusia could lead to improved treatment possibilities. Here, we demonstrate that there is a double dissociation between abnormal acoustic pitch discrimination and abnormal musical pitch discrimination in adolescents. These results suggest that acoustic pitch discrimination should not be used in isolation to identify cases of amusia in children.

Celastrus paniculatus attenuates neurodegeneration in glutamate induced excitotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, which decreases intracellular calcium level and neuronal apoptosis.

Echinacoside attenuates sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairments in mice through FOXO1-mediated autophagy.

The study enrolled 47 patients with a mean age at diagnosis of 8.79±3.72 years. PRES is a clinical radiographic syndrome with multiple etiologies, which included renal disorder, hematological disease, and hypertension. PRES manifested as seizure, headache, visual impairment, dizziness, vomiting, and behavioral abnormalities. MRI mainly involved the parietal and occipital lobes. Most patients have a good prognosis. Severity on MRI and length of in-hospital stay are independent risk factors.