Three types of ingot moulds for weight-compatible are designed. Based on the prototype of 39t ingot mould, the 39-45t ingots could be produced by assembling the fittings. These three designs’ main characteristics of structure and quality of the ingot are introduced in the article, number 2000560, by Changjun Xu, and co-workers in detail.

Mathematical process models for the electric arc furnace process are reviewed and compared with each other as well as other frequently used approaches such as statistical endpoint models and computational fluid dynamics. The different solutions used for problems such as the heat and mass transfer or the determination of scrap melting rates and the models’ capabilities are analyzed and evaluated.

Three types of ingot moulds for weight-compatible are designed. Based on the prototype of 39 tons ingot mould, the 39–45 tons ingots could be produced by assembling the fittings. These three designs’ main characteristics of structure and quality of the ingot are introduced in detail.

A 2D model of the finite difference scheme, in which the thickness and width are unequally partitioned, is investigated. Then, multi-objective optimization function of the temperature setting is established based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The application results show that the energy consumption of the reheating furnace is decreased and the production cost is minimized considerably.

A model that predicts the length and the temperature of a steelmaking electric arc is presented. The model is validated using experimental data and the predictions are characterized with a maximum error of 3%. In comparison, the errors in the predictions from the empirical and the implicit formula proposed by Bowman are 9% and 12%.

The effect of Ce on the inclusion and grain structure of gear steel 20CrNiMo is investigated. The evolution route of inclusions in steel after Ce addition is analyzed, and the mechanism is discussed. In addition, the reason for the grain refinement after adding Ce to the steel is also analyzed.

TiC–high Mn steel-bonded cermets are prepared by powder metallurgy techniques. The cermets have the highest impact toughness (IM) of 15.12 J cm⁻² and transverse rupture strength (TRS) of 2510 MPa with (Ti_0.5W_0.5)C additive. Black core–gray outer rim structure forms with WC additives. White core–gray rim structure forms with (Ti_0.5W_0.5)C additives.

V–N microalloyed pipeline steels mainly consisted of polygonal ferrite and acicular ferrite exhibit a good combination of strength and toughness. Strain-induced V(C, N) precipitates of 20–30 nm facilitate intragranular nucleation of acicular ferrite, resulting in ferrite grain refinement. V(C, N) precipitates of 3–10 nm formed during or after ferrite transformation are beneficial for precipitation strengthening.

Micromechanical deformation behavior of C45EC steel under uniaxial tensile loading is modeled by varying cementite particle size and distribution in the ferrite matrix. Representative volume elements (RVEs) are virtually generated and simulated with—an open-source crystal plasticity-based modern computational tool—DAMASK. Factors influencing the global and local deformation are discussed with flow curves and the local stress and strain maps.

The energy absorption performance and deformation mechanism of 316L triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures are investigated. Both primitive (P)- and gyroid (G)-type TPMS structures possess a high-energy absorption capacity. P-type outperforms G-type structure at relative densities <0.35. The P-type structure deforms locally in a diagonal shear geometry, whereas G-type structure deforms uniformly with a strong strain hardening effect.

A novel method is proposed to research the combustion characteristics of different carbon materials added to mold fluxes, and then, the effect of different carbon materials on the combustion and melting behavior of mold fluxes is analyzed. The results show that the novel method can well characterize the combustion properties of carbon materials and be easily operated.

Hydrogen-reduced iron is melted at 1873 K to study the phosphorus and vanadium partitions and the slag characteristics as a function of reduction degree. Phosphorus partition is maximum at 96.8% reduction, whereas vanadium partition increases with decreased reduction degree. Vanadium is concentrated in the solid magnesiowüstite and spinel phases.

The Johnson–Cook (JC) model and the modified Arrhenius-type equation considering the compensation of strain are proposed for estimation of flow stress of the tool steel. The values of correlation coefficient (R) in JC model and modified Arrhenius-type model are calculated to be 0.85796 and 0.99501, respectively. The developed Arrhenius equation is more accurate.

The influence of temperature on the dephosphorization of hot metal at the low temperature range of 1300–1450 °C with the slag basicity (CaO/SiO₂) of about 1.8 is investigated using high-temperature laboratorial experiments. The results show that the phosphorus contents in hot metal decrease first and then increase with increasing temperature.

There exists the extensive dendrite segregation in as-cast H13 steel. After partial homogenization, the recrystallized grains prefer to nucleate in the dendrite region, and the enriched alloying atoms and carbide particles in the dendrite segregation region will obviously inhibit the recrystallization grain growth. The partial homogenization before hot deformation is beneficial to achieve the fine microstructure.

Microstructure evolution and kinetics of static recrystallization (SRX) of medium Mn steel are investigated by the two-hit compression. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis shows that both static recovery (SRV) and SRX contribute to static softening, but the predominant softening mechanism is SRV. In addition, temperature, interval time, and strain rate have influence on the distribution and average magnitude of grain size.

Herein, mineral transform and specific heat capacity (C_p) characterization of blast furnace slag in heating process are investigated. There are phase transforms from amorphous to crystal and from solid to liquid in all cases. Reverse peritectic reaction or reverse eutectic reaction would proceed in some cases. The relationships of C_p with temperatures and compositions are established with a good fit.

Final annealing of cold-rolled, AISI 304 stainless steel is simulated in a humid atmosphere. The characteristics of oxide scales are influenced by the success of the electrolyte pickling process. Annealing conditions in which the growth of oxide scale remains steady and the pickling process is effective are presented. The evaluation of the pickling effectiveness is performed by image analysis.

The alloying of molybdenum and niobium in high strength steels has been investigated in both direct-quenched and direct-quenched and tempered conditions. Results indicate that molybdenum prevents softening during tempering mainly by solute drag. Addition of niobium combines strong precipitation strengthening and solute drag. Superior mechanical properties can be achieved with studied compositions in both direct-quenched and tempered conditions.

The gasification of coke is studied in simulated blast furnace (BF) atmosphere acquired from an actual BF using a Multi-Point Vertical Probe and consisting of CO, CO₂, H₂, H₂O, and N₂. This allows the examination of effect H₂O and the location (wall versus center) have on the coke gasification behavior.

Herein, a correlation for heat transfer coefficient is given. The results are valid for spray cooling of hot surfaces with film boiling, starting at temperatures of about 1200 °C and finishing at the Leidenfrost point. This study uses both water and mist nozzles. It is experimentally verified why equations based only on the water impingement density cannot provide sufficiently precise predictions of HTC.

The ferrite and transformation-induced-plasticity (TRIP) effect provided by blocky retained austenite contribute to higher uniform elongation but lower post uniform elongation (PEL). Both hole expansion ratio and bending ratio have a linear relationship with PEL and yield ratio (YR). Uniform bainitic microstructure increases the balance of strength and local formability, in which the role of PEL is consistent with YR.

Modified reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels with different contents of Ta and Ti are fabricated with the thermo-mechanical control process (TMCP). They show greatly improved comprehensive mechanical properties compared with traditional reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels. The effect of Ta and Ti on both microstructure and properties in the condition of TMCP is analyzed in detail.

A successful attempt to incorporate knowledge obtained from severe plastic deformations into continuous processes is made. The modeling of plasticity resource prediction, and based on this effective deformation routine is developed. The incorporation of SPD advantages allows controlling of plasticity during drawing deformation. All side investigation of structure and properties is made.

Metal losses during the blast furnace casting operation are due to dispersion of metal droplets in the slag. The economical impact of metal losses is important because large tonnages are involved. Metal losses change as a function of slag–metal ratio of flow rates as well as geometry of the runner. These aspects are highlighted by physical and mathematical modeling.

Herein, the hot compression behavior of 23.7Cr–2.2Ni–1.3Mo–14Mn–0.26N low-nickel duplex stainless steel is investigated, and the influencing rules and mechanism of deformation parameters on dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and σ precipitate are obtained. The relationship between the critical conditions for DRX initiating and Zener–Hollomon parameters and modified DRX kinetics model are established.