Despite the fact that both acute cardiac cessation and respiratory arrest are the reasons of brain ischemia, its hemodynamics, oxygenation and structural pathology differs. This article represents blood re-distribution and neuronal tissue degeneration during the first decade of minutes after the breathing and heart beating violation. The results show that cardiac cessation is much more life-threatening statement that provokes blood circulation abnormalities and causes strong signs of cerebral ischemia in compare with the respiratory arrest.

Further details can be found in the article by G. Piavchenko, I. Kozlov, V. Dremin, D. Stavtsev, E. Seryogina, K. Kandurova, V. Shupletsov, K. Lapin, A. Alekseyev, S. Kuznetsov, A. Bykov, A. Dunaev, and I. Meglinski (e202100216).

Pulmonary cancer is one of the most malignancies worldwide. We introduce a novel three-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (3D-PulCNN) to classify three pulmonary subtypes based on the microscopic hyperspectral image because it can supply spatial information as well as spectral information. Combining the difference of spectral curves and texture feature between the three subtypes, we can classify LUAD, LUSC and SCLC more accurately in cytodiagnosis.

Further details can be found in the article by Qing Zhang | Yan Wang | Song Qiu | Jiangang Chen | Li Sun and Qingli Li (e202100142).

After an impair of blood and respiration functions there are significantly different changes in the structure and function of brain tissue that we present in this article.

Pulmonary cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Existing algorithms for its classification are mostly based on color images, and the improvement of accuracy is quite challenging. This article proposes a new framework named as three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-PulCNN) for classifying pulmonary cancer based on microscopic hyperspectral image. Also, 3D-UNet is leveraged to segment cancer cells, and their morphological characteristics are calculated to help with prognosis assessment.

Motion artifacts significantly bias the visualization and quantification of OCT angiography (OCTA) images. Here, we present a deep-learning-based method to effectively reduce the motion artifacts, in which two deep neural networks were applied to identify artifacts and restore microvasculature, respectively. As shown in the figure, the proposed method can efficiently retrieve vasculature signal from the overwhelming motion artifacts (A) and significantly enhance OCTA image (B).

Phase contrast microscopy provides a label-free means to visualise structures in transparent samples, including cells and organisms. Implementations with low phototoxicity should enable extended imaging of live subjects that can complement fluorescence microscopy. Building on the development of more quantitative phase microscopy modalities, we present a widely applicable single-shot phase contrast technique (pDPC) that can provide semi-quantitative readouts of dynamic samples, which we have applied to Caenorhabditis Elegans.

In infrared spectroscopy of thin film samples, multiple internal reflection causes sine wave signatures in the absorbance spectra. These signatures are referred to as fringes, and they impede the chemical analysis of the samples. In this study, an algorithm based on extended multiplicative signal correction (EMSC) is presented for estimating and removing interference fringes in infrared spectroscopy and imaging. The Fringe EMSC algorithm is made openly accessible on GitHub.

Babies born too small due to receiving insufficient nutrients and oxygen during pregnancy have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease in later life. We have combined two imaging modalities, two-photon microscopy and phase-contrast MRI, to assess and intrinsically link alterations in cardiac metabolism with cardiac function in normally grown and growth restricted fetuses.

Frequency domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (fdDOS) is a technique which can non-invasively quantify the water and fat content of tissues. Decomposition of biological material into these basic components using chemical analysis (CA) is also a known technique in the nutrition industry, but has yet to be compared to fdDOS. In this study, we utilize both CA and fdDOS on porcine adipose tissue following a method to verify accurate fdDOS calibration.

The employment of label free, non-destructive imaging techniques as novel diagnostic tools for the in-vivo monitoring of muscular changes due to aging is an important issue with high biological significance. Polarization-dependent second-harmonic generation measurements were used for age classification of the Caenorhabditis elegans samples and evaluation of structural alterations in their striated muscles during the worm lifespan. The obtained results indicate the usefulness of this technique as a potential new diagnostic tool for the investigation of muscle disorders.

Viability of quiescent microbes is an important but elusive property to measure, and even more difficult to quantify using referenceable units for comparability. Here, we present a study using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of a membrane-voltage fluorophore incubated with an oral microbe, Streptococcus mutans, and demonstrated differences in lifetime response of individual microbes in a quiescent state (SP) compared to those killed using heat (HK) or chemical fixation (FP).

OCT angiography provides detailed information of microvascular involvement during a reversible gingivitis over a time course from Day 0 to Day 11 at which time the subject was scheduled for teeth cleaning. Shown are the vessel-depth encoded color vascular maps for better 3D appreciation.

Exposure of amyloids stained with BSB and K114 to high laser power resulted in a permanent increase in fluorescence intensity, as well as a spectral blue-shift. The degree of fluorescence change over time (“photoconversion,” PC) was quantified in different amyloids. The kinetics of photoconversion-induced intensity and emission changes was found to strongly depend on such factors as dye structure, pH, presence of glycerol and the type of amyloid assembly.

Scattering has a strong spectral dependence. While its characterization should be a simple fit, experimental results show strong fluctuations even for the same tissue type. These instabilities are analyzed by means of Bayesian Inference. By a simple coordinate transform, which separates scattering strength and scatterer size effects, a stable mathematical description of the scattering is derived. Thus, the resulting a posteriori probability of the reduced scattering coefficient narrows down significantly.

The environmentally friendly InP/ZnSeS quantum dots (InP/ZnSeS QDs) was successfully synthesized by a two-step method. The as-prepared InP/ZnSeS QDs possess smaller size and stronger photobleaching resistance. So, the InP/ZnSeS QDs as fluorescent probes are applied in cell super-resolution imaging. These results show that Cd-free InP/ZnSeS QDs have significant potential for application in fluorescent probes for stimulated emission depletion nanoscopy.