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ORIGINAL PAPERS
Effect of randomizers on the power spectrum excess of space telemetry signals
- Pages: 67-82
- First Published: 09 July 2021

In this paper, we analyze the spectral characteristics of space telemetry signals when randomizers are used to counter the power excess with respect to the transmission of an ideal random signal. A long randomizer may not able to solve some critical problems appearing when all-zero frames or almost constant data are transmitted. Suitable solutions are proposed to face these cases.
Learning with error-based key agreement and authentication scheme for satellite communication
- Pages: 83-95
- First Published: 15 July 2021
In the last two or three decades, various authentication schemes have been proposed to create a secure network that mainly depends on classical number-theoretical hard assumptions (factorization or discrete logarithm), but due to the Shor's (1994) algorithm, above-mentioned scheme is no longer secure because any discrete logarithm or factorization problems can be solved by Shor's algorithm in polynomial time if the quantum computer becomes the reality soon. As far as our knowledge, there is no authentication protocol for satellite communication, which is secure against quantum computer attacks. Therefore, in this paper, we first proposed authentication protocol for satellite communication based on ring learning with error, which is secure against quantum attacks.
A smart reactive jamming approach to counter reinforcement learning-based antijamming strategies in GEO SATCOM scenario
- Pages: 96-119
- First Published: 27 July 2021

In this paper, we propose an intelligent jamming engine (IJE) and analyze its effectiveness for countering reinforcement learning (RL)-based antijamming strategies, which are being envisaged for future autonomous satellite and space communication applications. The proposed jamming approach exploits the limitations in learning patterns of Q-learning-based RL agent by incorporating controlled randomness in jamming patterns and achieves effective jamming while conserving considerable amount of jamming power.
Hybrid threshold combining and maximum ratio combining model for satellite communication over composite Rayleigh and Rician fading channel
- Pages: 120-132
- First Published: 22 July 2021

A hybrid threshold combining and maximum ratio combining (TC-MRC) model was successfully proposed for satellite communication over ionospheric scintillation effects and multipath fading channel. The simulation results show that the hybrid TC-MRC model achieves lower mean integrated square error and processing time compared with threshold and maximum ratio combiner and thereby enhances the performance of the satellite communication system.
Feasibility of using a software-defined baseband for multiple space per aperture (MSPA) ground operations
- Pages: 133-147
- First Published: 23 August 2021

We present the feasibility study of performing multiple spacecraft per aperture ground operations by using low-cost software-defined baseband. The telemetry link shows minimal BER degradation. The telecommand link shows modulation index distortion and out-of-band emissions that necessitate a software-defined signal pre-distorter.
Global Navigation Satellite Systems Spoofing Detection through measured Autocorrelation Function Shape Distortion
- Pages: 148-156
- First Published: 01 September 2021

The study focuses on a method of spoofing detection based on the autocorrelation function (ACF) shape distortion during the pull-off phase of an intermediate spoofing attack. The distortion in the ACF is measured by comparing measured and calculated ACF. A method of calculating a typical ACF for the current carrier-to-noise (C/N0) ratio and a C/N0-based threshold based on Neyman-Pearson method is presented. The results show that the method performs well for less number of measurement correlators as well.
Atmospheric absorption and scattering impact on optical satellite-ground links
- Pages: 157-176
- First Published: 07 October 2021