Timeline of socio-emotional development and gut microbiota maturation.

(Center) Illustration showing intestines, including normal, transitional, and aganglionic segments in Hirschsprung’s disease. Sixty-nine samples from nine patients with Hirschsprung’s disease were evaluated by confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) (left) and hematoxylin-eosin (H & E) staining (right). The detection rate for the enteric nervous system (ENS) was 100% in the normal segments and 63% in the transition zones. The concordance of the positive and negative ENS visualizations for CLE and the histopathological findings were 88.4%.

In this study, patients with dyspeptic symptoms after gastric surgery and healthy volunteers underwent a pyloric distensibility measurement using the EndoFLIP system. Antireflux surgery and esophagectomy were associated with pylorospasm although pylorospasm was not found in all patients. Sleeve gastrectomy was not associated with altered pyloric distensibility nor altered pyloric pressure.

A summary of the multivariate logistic regression models examining the associations between various physical activity variables and constipation (based on two different constipation definitions). The physical activity variables shown here were all univariately associated with constipation, and hence were included in these multivariate models. As shown, none of the physical activity variables were significantly associated with constipation after adjustment for other variables, the two most important being gender and health status.

Aged mice exhibit gastroparesis associated with antral hypoganglionosis and neuronal subtype imbalance. Antral neuronal ablation using diphtheria toxin delays gastric emptying, confirming the critical importance of antral enteric neurons in regulating gastric emptying.

Both anodal tDCS and intermittent TBS ameliorate the swallowing function in elderly patients with dysphagia, with effects lasting up to 1 month from the end of the stimulation period for tDCS, and 3 months for TBS. Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia is huge and in alarming growth in the elderly population, both with or without neurological disorders, thus optimization of treatment strategies for swallowing disturbances is mandatory in view of the high mortality associated with this symptom.

Distension-induced contractility occurs at a uniform rate in healthy controls, but at a faster rate in patients with achalasia, suggesting this rate is a physiomarker of esophageal neural control.

The duodenal mucosal transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was significantly lower in biopsies from functional dyspepsia patients compared to healthy controls. After exposure to glyco-ursodeoxycholic acid, the TEER values between patient and HV biopsies were similar.

In a stress-induced rat model of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), SP-11 reduced the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and positively modulated the gut function. Multiple pathophysiological pathways were beneficially targeted by SP-11 leading to a reduction of IBS signs in rats.

The neural signals from the liver with fatty infiltration activates the release of gastric ghrelin, leading to the activation of neural signals to the brain and release of IGF-1 from the liver. The hypothalamic ghrelin may contribute to appetite.

EA protected SMC to improve gastrointestinal transit by reducing local inflammation into the muscularis in POI， which were influenced by acupoints selection and stimulation frequency.

High-resolution colonic manometry allows detailed assessment of human colon motor function and dysfunction. Here, a cyclic motor pattern at ~12 cycles/min follows a high-amplitude propagating pressure wave at 160 mm Hg. It may restore the absorption and mixing condition after a mass movement of content.

Immunoblotting of esophageal tissue lysate against the 25kDa and 45kDa proteins in patients achalasia.