Review of small wild felid ecology and status in India.

Graphical summary of the number of studies per North American biome, taxon and response variables. Results show that confer and mixed conifer biomes, herbivores (ungulates) and habitat use were most frequently studied in relation to fire effects on large- and medium-sized mammals.

Allogrooming has hygienic, physiological, and social consequences, including exchanging benefits in a biological market, post-conflict reconciliation, and long-term social bond formation. The relevant importance of these functions is largely undetermined in many non-primate taxa, including ungulates. We evaluated the current evidence of allogrooming function in ungulates. We find that allogrooming in ungulates has been co-opted for social purposes, but the variety of these has not been fully explored, and there is great potential for additional research into the benefits of affiliative behaviour in ungulates.

This review of interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) provides a summary and meta-analysis of 143 studies published between 1999 (when the earliest iSCNT manuscript was published) and spring of 2023. In vitro and in vivo developmental rates were compared based on oocyte species and phylogenetic distance between oocyte species and donor cell species. The production of iSCNT embryos has great potential in several areas of research – rescue of endangered species, ethical production of human embryonic stem cells, and specification of donor cell and recipient oocyte influences on iSCNT embryo development. Obstacles to development include mitochondrial heteroplasmy, phylogenetic distance between the two species, timing of embryonic genome activation, culture of donor cells and reconstructed embryos, and optimization of embryo transfer. Though live offspring have been produced in twelve studies, the overall efficiency rate based on the successful iSCNT studies is only 0.29%. We conclude that additional research is warranted to improve development rate, allowing future scientists to use iSCNT for their research goals.

Our results show that percent protein energy of Eurasian otter's diet is higher than that of typical hyper-carnivores and tends to increase with decreasing water temperatures. Protein foods exhibit higher thermogenic effects respect to lipids and carbohydrates and may contribute to mantain thermal homeostasis in water.

Phylogenetic distribution of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens infection in Palearctic Carnivora species.