Tofacitinib caused fluorescence quenching of BSA with binding constant of approximately 104·M⁻¹. Tofacitinib-BSA interaction was spontaneous and exothermic. Increase in helical content of BSA was observed in the presence of Tofacitinib. Tofacitinib altered tertiary structure and decreased hydrodynamic radii of BSA. The BSA-Tofacitinib interaction was by hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding at site II.

Inhibitor kappa-B kinase-beta (IKK-β) controls the activation of nuclear transcription factor kappa-B and has been linked to inflammation and cancer. The merged pharmacophore and the associated quantitative structure-activity relationship equations were applied to screen the National Cancer Institute list of compounds. Ten hits were found to exhibit potent anti–IKK-β bioactivity, of which one illustrates IC50 of 11.0nM.

• Results reveal that quercetin is the strongest quenchers for FTO protein.
• Hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond play a major role in the binding process between flavonoids and FTO protein.
• The influence of molecular structure on the binding aspects has been investigated.

The key step in the process of brain metastasis formation is the establishment of firm adhesion between the cancer cell and the cerebral endothelial layer. Direct mapping of a confluent layer of cerebral endothelial cells is reported with a melanoma cell as a probe. The reconstructed topography-based maps reveal elastic, plastic, and adhesive heterogeneity of the endothelial layer but not directly linking these parameters.

The effects of antibiotic polymyxin B (PMB) to lipopolysaccharides on gram-negative bacterial outer membranes were investigated using atomic force microscopy and single molecular force spectroscopy. Specific binding forces between lipopolysaccharides and PMB deduced energetic and kinetic parameters of the interaction. Experiments on bacterial cells revealed that PMB exposure enhances the roughness of the outer bacterial membrane, finally leading to membrane damage.

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes allow the characterization of realistic cellular models, cellular mass production for cardiac regenerative therapies, and novel and faster drug development. Once extracted from human blastocyst or dedifferentiated from somatic cells, stem cell clones can be differentiated into genetically stable, ultrastructured, and functional cardiomyocytes. The investigative methods (genotypic, morphologic, and phenotypic) are equally important, although phenotypic assays provide the definitive characterization of the obtained cells, variable in differentiation efficiency, disease specificity, maturation level, and lineage purity.