Cancer Science

KHK2840 is a novel and potent human CD40 agonistic antibody that activates CD40 with tolerable toxicological properties in cynomolgus monkeys. KHK2840 enhances anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 and paclitaxel by coordinating anti-tumor immune response between tumors and lymph nodes.

This study developed a population pharmacokinetic model that adequately describes the pharmacokinetic property of ABL001/CTX-009 in patients with solid tumors and presented a rationale for fixed dosing instead of weight-based dosing at different dosing intervals. Based on the simulation results from this study, different dosing regimens can be applied to patients receiving ABL001/CTX-009 in further clinical trials.

This figure exemplifies the utility of incorporating non-coding regions to maintain accurate TMB estimates in small-sized panels.

Aberrant serine synthesis plays a vital role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), so finding upstream regulators that control the serine synthesis pathway (SSP) is particularly important. This study shows that ubiquitin-specific protease 10 (USP10) plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of SSP through the LKB1/mTOR/ATF4 axis and affects the proliferation of HCC. USP10 can regulate the activity of LKB1 through deubiquitination. This study identifies new potential sites for targeting therapy in HCC.

Yumoto et al. report that ANGPTL2 expressed in adipose tissues induces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, driving PMN-MDSC generation in bone marrow and thereby contributing to establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and resistance to ICI therapy.

This study developed an interpretable machine learning (ML) model for individualized prediction of hypothyroidism in patients treated with ICIs. The SHAP method revealed that thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was the most influential predictor variable. The developed interpretable ML model holds potential for predicting the likelihood of hypothyroidism following ICI treatment in patients. Machine learning technology offers new possibilities for predicting ICI-induced hypothyroidism, potentially providing more precise support for personalized treatment and risk management.

Loss of function of triosephosphate isomerase (TPI1), which is involved in glycolysis, induced a reduction of cell proliferation in human PDAC cell lines with the TP53 mutation but not in PDAC or in human fibroblasts without the TP53 mutation. TPI1 is a potential candidate therapeutic target for PDAC with the TP53 mutation.

The rising global incidence of prostate cancer, especially its variable clinical outcomes, underscores the critical need for personalized treatment strategies to optimize patient care. Despite advances in surgical and non-surgical treatments, selecting the most appropriate treatment for individual patients remains a significant challenge, driven by the heterogeneity of tumor biology and patient-specific factors. This study aimed to leverage a large-scale dataset from the SEER database, combined with advanced machine learning algorithms, to develop a predictive model for guiding personalized treatment decisions in prostate cancer management. Specifically, we applied several machine learning algorithms including, but not limited to, SVM, KNN, DT, LG, RF, AdaBoost, XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost, and MLP, and used SHAP values to interpret the model outcome.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the complex tumor microenvironment of solid tumors. Characterized by the consistent expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), The targeting of FAP⁺CAFs with CAR-T-cell therapy emerges as a promising strategy, offering the potential to disrupt these defensive fortifications and significantly enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in the battle against solid tumors.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy can decrease the occurrence and development of cancer by inhibiting PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4 and other immune checkpoint molecules. ncRNAs can interfere with the PD-1/PD-L1 axis of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy by binding to the mRNA of PD-L1, thus affecting the immune escape process of cancer cells.

CLG treatment suppressed OS cell proliferation and facilitated autophagy-dependent apoptosis concentration dependently. Autophagy inhibition ameliorated the CLG-induced autophagy-dependent OS cell apoptosis. CLG inhibited TRAF6-mediated FLT3 ubiquitination degradation. CLG administration inhibited OS tumor growth in mice by inducing autophagy-dependent apoptosis.

Boron neutron capture therapy leads to new treatment option to overcome cancer immunotherapy resistance.

Tumor cell-derived mitochondrial N-formylpeptides had a negative role in the host anti-tumor immunity through modification of the tumor microenvironment was suggested using knockout tumor cells of mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase.

We report a subgroup analysis of Asian patients in DESTINY-Breast03. The efficacy and safety data reinforced the favorable benefit–risk profile of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer within the Asian subgroup.

Our understanding of the biological roles of BRD8 is growing rapidly. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current knowledge on the molecular function of BRD8, focusing on the biological role of the bromodomain of BRD8 in cancer cells.

Overview of the study design. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and untargeted metabolomics, the pancreatic microbiota and metabolome of 15 PHC and 8 PBTC tissues and their matched nontumor tissues were characterized.

In this study, our aim was to develop an effective combination immunotherapy for patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma by targeting three essential pathways involved in the induction and function of antitumor T cells. In a syngeneic mouse BRAF-mutated melanoma model, triplet therapy with DSR6424, vemurafenib, and an anti-PD-1 antibody was found to effectively eradicate the BRAF-mutated melanoma among various doublet combination therapies.

Imbalance between CD8+ T cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells accelerates disease progression, but there is no imbalance indicator to predict clinical outcomes. The ratio between PD-1+CD8 and ICOS+Tregs was associated with extreme immune imbalance and poor prognosis in advanced hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC).