Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. Although in recent years there have been vast improvements in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular diseases, enormous research gaps and clinical challenges still exist in our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cardiovascular disease.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly specific, endogenous, small (∼22 nucleotides), and single-stranded noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression through post-transcription mechanisms. It has been established that miRNAs play essential roles in the regulation of all human biological functions and the dysregulated biogenesis and homeostasis of miRNAs in the cardiovascular system results in the development of various diseases, and that altered miRNAs have a significant impact on the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Several recent studies have shown that the mimicry or inhibition of certain miRNAs have significant therapeutic applications for cardiovascular diseases, however, this is still in the primary stages and so requires larger clinical trials. MicroRNAs have also shown a strong association with oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a significant pathophysiological role in various cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. Oxidative stress represents a persistent imbalance between the production and compensation of ROS, and excessive accumulation of ROS can damage the proteins, lipids, and DNA of a cell, leading to cellular injury and cell death.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect original research and review articles investigating the molecular mechanisms or clinical translation of miRNAs underlying cardiovascular diseases, including but not limited to, coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, hypertension, and heart failure.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases
• Bioinformatic analyses of miRNAs in the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases
• Gene polymorphisms of miRNAs linked to cardiovascular diseases
• Oxidative stress of miRNAs related to cardiovascular disease susceptibility
• Potential miRNA targets and therapeutic value of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases
• MiRNAs and cardiovascular disorders
• MiRNAs and atherosclerosis
• MiRNAs and hypertension
• MiRNAs and cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, or aging