Volume 97, Issue 12 pp. 1681-1685

Characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes strains isolated from Chinese children with scarlet fever

Yunmei Liang,

Yunmei Liang

Beijing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Search for more papers by this author

Xuzhuang Shen,

Xuzhuang Shen

Beijing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Search for more papers by this author

Guoying Huang,

Guoying Huang

The Fudan University Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China

Search for more papers by this author

Chuanqing Wang,

Chuanqing Wang

The Fudan University Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China

Search for more papers by this author

Ying Shen,

Ying Shen

Beijing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Search for more papers by this author

Yonghong Yang,

Yonghong Yang

Beijing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

The Fudan University Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China

Search for more papers by this author

Yunmei Liang,

Yunmei Liang

Beijing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Search for more papers by this author

Xuzhuang Shen,

Xuzhuang Shen

Beijing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Search for more papers by this author

Guoying Huang,

Guoying Huang

The Fudan University Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China

Search for more papers by this author

Chuanqing Wang,

Chuanqing Wang

The Fudan University Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China

Search for more papers by this author

Ying Shen,

Ying Shen

Beijing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Search for more papers by this author

Yonghong Yang,

Yonghong Yang

Beijing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

The Fudan University Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China

Search for more papers by this author

First published: 06 November 2008

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00983.x

Citations: 22

Correspondence
Professor Yonghong Yang, Beijing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 56 South Lishi Road, Beijing 100045, China
Tel/Fax: + 86 10 68029020 |
Email: [email protected]

Share a link

Email
Wechat
Bluesky

Abstract

Aim: To analyse the characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from Chinese children with scarlet fever.

Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentration with nine antibiotics was performed on 145 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates acquired from Beijing and Shanghai in 2007. Their macrolide-resistant genes (mefA, ermB and ermA– a subclass of ermTR), superantigens (speA and speC), and en-coding mature M protein gene (emm gene) were amplified by PCR.

Results: A total of 97.9% of the isolates exhibited resistance to the macrolides, while 96.6% manifested resistance to tetracycline. All isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, penicillin, cefradine, and ofloxacin. Moreover, 94.5% exhibited a cMLSB phenotype, while 90.3% had the ermB gene. Five emm types (emm1.0, emm4.0, emm12.0, emm22.0 and st5240) were discovered, of which 9.7% carried the superantigen speA, 35.9% carried the speC, 42.8% carried both speA and speC and 11.7% carried neither speA nor speC. Finally, 85.5% of emm1.0 and 15.5% of emm12.0 isolates carried speA, while 79.0% of emm1.0 and 75.9% of emm12.0 isolates carried speC.

Conclusion: The Streptococcus pyogenes isolates had high resistance rates against macrolides and tetracycline. They mainly expressed the ermB gene type and cMLSB phenotype. Their common emm types are emm1.0 and emm12.0, which have different frequencies of speA and speC.

References

1 Chiou CS, Liao TL, Wang TH, Chang HL, Liao JC, Li CC. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes. Recovered from scarlet fever patients in central Taiwan from 1996 to 1999. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42: 3998–4006.
10.1128/JCM.42.9.3998-4006.2004
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
2 Kashiwagi Y. A 23-year longitudinal study on the antibiotic sensitivities of group A streptococci from the scarlet fever patients – 1956–1978. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 1991; 65: 820–32.
10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.65.820
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
3 Grivea IN, Al-Lahham A, Katopodis GD, Syrogiannopoulos GA, Reinert RR. Resistance to erythromycin and telithromycin in Streptococcus pyogenes. Isolates obtained between 1999 and 2002 from Greek children with tonsillopharyngitis: phenotypic and genotypic analysis. J Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50: 256–61.
10.1128/AAC.50.1.256-261.2006
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
4 Yan JJ, Liu CC, Ko WC, Hsu SY, Wu HM, Lin YS, et al. Molecular analysis of group A streptococcal isolates associated with scarlet fever in southern Taiwan between 1993 and 2002. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41: 4858–61.
10.1128/JCM.41.10.4858-4861.2003
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
5 Green M, Martin JM, Barbadora KA, Beall B, Wald ER. Reemergence of macrolide resistance in pharyngeal isolates of group a streptococci in southwestern Pennsylvania. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48: 473–6.
10.1128/AAC.48.2.473-476.2004
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
6 Stevens DL, Tanner MH, Winship J, Swarts R, Ries KM, Schlievert PM, et al. Severe group A streptococcal infections associated with a toxic shock-like syndrome and scarlet fever toxin A. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 1–7.
10.1056/NEJM198907063210101
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
7 Yamaoka J, Nakamura E, Takeda Y, Imamura S, Minato N. Mutational analysis of superantigen activity responsible for the induction of skin erythema by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C. Infect Immun 1998; 66: 5020–6.
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
8 Radikas R, Connolly C. Young patients in a young nation: scarlet fever in early nineteenth century rural New England. Pediatr Nurs 2007; 33: 53–5.
PubMed Google Scholar
9 Briko NI, Filatov NN, Zhuravlev MV, Lytkina IN, Ezhlova EB, Brazhnikov AI, et al. Epidemiological pattern of scarlet fever in recent years. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2003; 5: 67–72.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
10 Dodonov VN, Silich VA, Severov AM, Gladkova KK, Cherkasskaia RS. Patterns in the epidemic process of scarlet fever in various territories differing in respect of climate and geography. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1975; 8: 15–20.
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
11 NCCLS. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. Approved standard M7-A5. 5th ed. Wayne , PA : NCCLS, 2006.
Google Scholar
12 Weber P, Filipecki J, Bingen E, Fitoussi F, Goldfarb G, Chauvin JP, et al. Genetic and phenotypic characterization of macrolide resistance in group A streptococci isolated from adults with pharyngo-tonsillitis in France. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48: 291–4.
10.1093/jac/48.2.291
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
13 Pérez-Trallero E, Montes M, Orden B, Tamayo E, García-Arenzana JM, Marimón JM. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates displaying the MLSB phenotype of macrolide resistance in Spain, 1999 to 2005. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51: 1228–33.
10.1128/AAC.01054-06
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
14 Rodríguez-Zurita ME, Solís del Baño S, Robres Guillén P, González Praetorius A, Gimeno Fernández C, Pérez Pomata MT, et al. Susceptibility of Streptococcus pyogenes to macrolides and quinolones in Guadalajara, Spain. Rev Esp Quimioter 2003; 16: 61–4.
PubMed Google Scholar
15 Mazzariol A, Koncan R, Bahar G, Cornaglia G. Susceptibilities of Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae to macrolides and telithromycin: data from an Italian multicenter study. J Chemother 2007; 19: 500–7.
10.1179/joc.2007.19.5.500
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
16 Mazzariol A, Koncan R, Vitali LA, Cornaglia G. Activities of 16-membered ring macrolides and telithromycin against different genotypes of erythromycin-susceptible and erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59: 1171–6.
10.1093/jac/dkm089
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
17 Lloyd CA, Jacob SE, Menon T. Antibiotic resistant beta-hemolytic streptococci. Indian J Pediatr 2007; 74: 1077–80.
10.1007/s12098-007-0200-1
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
18 Creti R, Imperi M, Baldassarri L, Pataracchia M, Recchia S, Alfarone G, et al. emm types, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from Italy: what has changed in 11 years? J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45: 2249–56.
10.1128/JCM.00513-07
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
19 Szczypa K, Sadowy E, Izdebski R, Strakova L, Hryniewicz W. Group A streptococci from invasive-disease episodes in Poland are remarkably divergent at the molecular level. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44: 3975–9.
10.1128/JCM.01163-06
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
20 Alonso R, Mateo E, Ezpeleta G, Cisterna R. Characterisation of levofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes in Bilbao, Spain. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 30: 183–5.
10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.04.001
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
21 Descheemaeker P, Chapelle S, Lammens C, Hauchecorne M, Wijdooghe M, Vandamme P, et al. Macrolide resistance and erythromycin resistance determinants among Belgian Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 45: 167–73.
10.1093/jac/45.2.167
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
22 Katz KC, McGeer AJ, Duncan CL, Ashi-Sulaiman A, Willey BM, Sarabia A, et al. Emergence of Macrolide resistance in throat culture isolates of group A Streptococci in Ontario, Canada, in 2001. J Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47: 2370–2.
10.1128/AAC.47.7.2370-2372.2003
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
23 Bingen E, Bidet P, Mihaila-Amrouche L, Doit C, Forcet S, Brahimi N, et al. Emergence of macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes strains in French children. J Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48: 3559–62.
10.1128/AAC.48.9.3559-3562.2004
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
24 Hsueh PR, Shyr JM, Wu JJ. Changes in macrolide resistance among respiratory pathogens after decreased erythromycin consumption in Taiwan. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12: 296–8.
10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01348.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
25 Zhang WS, Shen XZ, Bergman U, Wang Y, Chen Y, Huang H, et al. Outpatient antibiotic use and assessment of antibiotic guidelines in Chinese children's hospitals. Eur J Clin Pharm 2008; in press.
10.1007/s00228-008-0489-3
Web of Science® Google Scholar
26 Carriço JA, Silva-Costa C, Melo-Cristino J, Pinto FR, De Lencastre H, Almeida JS, et al. Illustration of a common framework for relating multiple typing methods by application to macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44: 2524–32.
10.1128/JCM.02536-05
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
27 Luca-Harari B, Ekelund K, Van Der Linden M, Staum-Kaltoft M, Hammerum AM, Jasir A. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections in Denmark during 2003 and 2004. J Clin Micobiol 2008; 46: 79–86.
10.1128/JCM.01626-07
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
28 Krucsó B, Gacs M, Libisch B, Hunyadi ZV, Molnár K, Füzi M, et al. Molecular characterisation of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from Hungary obtained in 2004 and 2005. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 26: 807–11.
10.1007/s10096-007-0359-4
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
29 Jing HB, Ning BA, Hao HJ, Zheng YL, Chang D, Jiang W, et al. Epidemiological analysis of group A streptococci recovered from patients in China. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55: 1101–7.
10.1099/jmm.0.46243-0
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
30 Yu CE, Ferretti JJ. Molecular epidemiologic analysis of the type A streptococcal exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) gene (speA) in clinical Streptococcus pyogenes strains. J Infect Immun 1989; 57: 3715–9.
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
31 Dmitrieva NF, Trofimov DI, Eshchina AS, Riapis LA, Pavlova OG, Petrova TV, et al. Frequency of genes speA, speB, and speC in Streptococcus pyogenes strains and the identification of the infective agent by polymerase chain reaction. J Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2002; 5: 3–6.
CAS Google Scholar

Citing Literature

Volume97, Issue12

December 2008

Pages 1681-1685

Characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes strains isolated from Chinese children with scarlet fever

Abstract

References

Citing Literature

References

Information

About Wiley Online Library

Help & Support

Opportunities

Connect with Wiley

Characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes strains isolated from Chinese children with scarlet fever

Abstract

References

Citing Literature

References

Related

Information