Hemocyte-specific FREP13 abrogates the exogenous bacterial population in the hemolymph and promotes midgut endosymbionts in Anopheles stephensi
Charu Chauhan
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077 India
Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Search for more papers by this authorTanwee Das De
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077 India
Search for more papers by this authorSeena Kumari
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077 India
Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Search for more papers by this authorJyoti Rani
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077 India
Search for more papers by this authorPunita Sharma
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077 India
Search for more papers by this authorSanjay Tevatiya
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077 India
Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Search for more papers by this authorKailash C Pandey
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077 India
Search for more papers by this authorVeena Pande
Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Rajnikant Dixit
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077 India
Correspondence
Rajnikant Dixit, Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India.
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCharu Chauhan
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077 India
Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Search for more papers by this authorTanwee Das De
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077 India
Search for more papers by this authorSeena Kumari
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077 India
Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Search for more papers by this authorJyoti Rani
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077 India
Search for more papers by this authorPunita Sharma
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077 India
Search for more papers by this authorSanjay Tevatiya
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077 India
Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Search for more papers by this authorKailash C Pandey
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077 India
Search for more papers by this authorVeena Pande
Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Rajnikant Dixit
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077 India
Correspondence
Rajnikant Dixit, Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India.
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The immune blood cells “hemocytes” of mosquitoes impart a highly selective immune response against various microorganisms/pathogens. Among several immune effectors, fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) have been recognized as key modulators of cellular immune responses; however, their physiological relevance has not been investigated in detail. Our ongoing comparative RNA-sequencing analysis identified a total of 13 FREPs originating from naïve sugar-fed, blood-fed, bacterial challenged and Plasmodium vivax–infected hemocytes in Anopheles stephensi. Transcriptional profiling of the selected seven FREP transcripts showed distinct responses against different pathophysiological conditions, where an exclusive induction of FREP12 after 10 days of P. vivax infection was observed. This represents a possible role of FREP12 in immunity against free circulating sporozoites and needs to be explored in the future. When challenged with live bacterial injection in the thorax, we observed a higher affinity of FREP13 and FREP65 toward Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in the mosquito hemocytes, respectively. Furthermore, we observed increased bacterial survival and proliferation, which is likely compromised by the downregulation of TEP1, in FREP13 messenger RNA–depleted mosquito hemolymph. In contrast, after blood-feeding, we also noticed a significant delay of 24 h in the enrichment of gut endosymbionts in the FREP13-silenced mosquitoes. Taken together, we conclude that hemocyte-specific FREP13 carries the unique ability of tissue-specific regulation, having an antagonistic antibacterial role in the hemolymph, and an agonistic role against gut endosymbionts.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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