Editorial
Is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease a systemic disease that promotes extrahepatic cancer development?
Masafumi Ono,
Masafumi Ono
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorMasafumi Ono,
Masafumi Ono
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 06 July 2015
Conflict of interest: None.

References
- 1 Targher G, Bertolini L, Padovani R et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with cardiovascular disease among type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 1212–1218.
- 2 Sanyal AJ, Banas C, Sargeant C et al. Similarities and differences in outcomes of cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatitis C. Hepatology 2006; 43: 682–689.
- 3 Hashimoto E, Yatsuji S, Tobari M et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Gastroenterol 2009; 44 (Suppl 19): 89–95.
- 4 Arase Y, Kobayashi M, Suzuki F et al. Difference in malignancies of chronic liver disease due to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or hepatitis C in Japanese elderly patients. Hepatol Res 2012; 42: 264–272.
- 5 Seko Y, Sumida Y, Tanaka S et al. Predictors of malignancies and overall mortality in Japanese patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Res 2015; 45: 728–738.
- 6 Katanoda K, Matsuda T, Matsuda A et al. An updated report of the trends in cancer incidence and mortality in Japan. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013; 43: 492–507.
- 7 Goto K, Yokose T, Kodama T et al. Detection of early invasion on the basis of basement membrane destruction in small adenocarcinomas of the lung and its clinical implications. Mod Pathol 2001; 14: 1237–1245.
- 8 Öhlund D, Franklin O, Lundberg E, Lundin C, Sund M. Type IV collagen stimulates pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration, and inhibits apoptosis through an autocrine loop. BMC Cancer 2013; 13: 154.
- 9 Kawamura M, Yamasawa F, Ishizaka A et al. Serum concentration of 7S collagen and prognosis in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Thorax 1994; 49: 144–146.
- 10 Wong VW, Wong GL, Tsang SW et al. High prevalence of colorectal neoplasm in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Gut 2011; 60: 829–836.
- 11 Lin XJ, Wang CP, Liu XD et al. Body mass index and risk of gastric cancer: A meta-analysis. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2014; 44: 783–791.
- 12 Calle EE, Kaaks R. Overweight, obesity and cancer: epidemiological evidence and proposed mechanisms. Nat Rev Cancer 2004; 4: 579–591.
- 13 Ben Q, Xu M, Ning X et al. Diabetes mellitus and risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47: 1928–1937.
- 14 Polyzos SA, Kountouras J, Papatheodorou A et al. Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2013; 62: 121–126.
- 15 Eshraghian A, Hashemi SA, Hamidian Jahromi A et al. Helicobacter pylori infection as a risk factor for insulin resistance. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54: 1966–1970.
- 16 Hennige AM, Staiger H, Wicke C et al. Fetuin-A induces cytokine expression and suppresses adiponectin production. PLoS ONE 2008; 3: e1765.
- 17 Yang Y, Dong J, Sun K et al. Obesity and incidence of lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2013; 132: 1162–1169.
- 18 Yoshimoto S, Loo TM, Atarashi K et al. Obesity-induced gut microbial metabolite promotes liver cancer through senescence secretome. Nature 2013; 499: 97–101.
- 19 Cusi K. Role of obesity and lipotoxicity in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: pathophysiology and clinical implications. Gastroenterology 2012; 142: 711–725.
- 20 Armstrong MJ, Adams LA, Canbay A, Syn WK. Extrahepatic complications of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2014; 59: 1174–1197.