Noise-like pulse generation with tungsten trioxide/polydimethylsiloxane-clad microfiber saturable absorber
Muhamad Amir Waliuddin Abdul Hadi
Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Farah Diana Muhammad
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
Correspondence
Farah Diana Muhammad, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorNorita Mohd Yusoff
Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
Search for more papers by this authorMohammed Thamer Alresheedi
Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Search for more papers by this authorMohd Adzir Mahdi
Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
Search for more papers by this authorMuhamad Amir Waliuddin Abdul Hadi
Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Farah Diana Muhammad
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
Correspondence
Farah Diana Muhammad, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorNorita Mohd Yusoff
Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
Search for more papers by this authorMohammed Thamer Alresheedi
Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Search for more papers by this authorMohd Adzir Mahdi
Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
We report the formation of noise-like pulse (NLP) with tungsten trioxide/polydimethylsiloxane-clad microfiber saturable absorber integrated in a ring-cavity erbium-doped fiber laser. The NLP operation was confirmed by the presence of a coherence spike on top of a broad pedestal in the autocorrelation trace, with the measured pulse width value of 410 fs and 3.56 ps respectively. By increasing the pump power from the mode-locking threshold of 280–3300 mW, the spectral bandwidth was stretched from 22.3 to 22.8 nm, while the output power increased from to 1.9 to 24.3 mW. The maximum pulse energy of 3.5 nJ was generated at a repetition rate of 7 MHz. The signal-to-noise ratio was measured to be 53.8 dB, which indicated a good stability of pulse laser.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
REFERENCES
- 1Hao Q, Tao Y, Cao J, Cheng Y. Development of pulsed-laser three-dimensional imaging flash lidar using APD arrays. Microw Opt Technol Lett. 2021; 63: 2492-2509.
- 2Jiang Y, Li P, Fu X, Liu Q. Sub-nanosecond, single longitudinal mode laser based on a VBG-coupled EOQ Nd:YVO4 oscillator for remote sensing. Microw Opt Technol Lett. 2021; 63: 2541-2547.
- 3Muhammad FD, Husin SAS, Ng EK, Lau KY, Abdullah CAC, Mahdi MA. Zinc-oxide/PDMS- clad tapered fiber saturable absorber for passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser. Chin Phys B. 2021; 30:054204.
- 4Wang P, Xiao X, Yang C. Quantized pulse separations of phase-locked soliton molecules in a dispersion- managed mode-locked tm fiber laser at 2 μm. Opt Lett. 2017; 42: 29-32.
- 5Voropaev V, Donodin A, Voronets A, et al. Generation of multi- solitons and noise-like pulses in a high-powered thulium-doped all-fiber ring oscillator. Sci Rep. 2019; 9: 18369.
- 6Lin JH, Liao TY, Yang CY, et al. Noise- like pulse generation around 1.3-μm based on cascaded Raman scattering. Opt Express. 2020; 28: 12252-12261.
- 7Chang WC, Lin JH, Liao TY, Yang CY. Characteristics of noise-like pulse with broad bandwidth based on cascaded Raman scattering. Opt Express. 2018; 26: 31808-31816.
- 8Dong Z, Tian J, Li R, Cui Y, Zhang W, Song Y. Conventional soliton and noise-like pulse generated in an Er-doped fiber laser with carbon nanotube Saturable absorbers. Appl Sci. 2020; 10: 5536.
- 9Xia H, Li H, Deng G, Li J, Zhang S, Liu Y. Compact noise-like pulse fiber laser and its application for supercontinuum generation in highly nonlinear fiber. Appl Optics. 2015; 54: 9379-9384.
- 10Özgören K, Öktem B, Yilmaz S, Ilday FÖ, Eken K. 83 W, 3.1 MHz, square-shaped, 1 ns-pulsed all- fiber-integrated laser for micromachining. Opt Express. 2011; 19: 17647-17652.
- 11Komarov A, Komarov K, Meshcheriakov D, Dmitriev A, Zhao L. Noise-like pulses with an extremely broadband spectrum in passively mode-locked fiber lasers. J Opt Soc Am B. 2021; 38: 961-967.
- 12Camarillo-Avilés A, López-Estopier R, Pottiez O, Durán-Sánchez M, Ibarra-Escamilla B, Bello-Jiménez M. Supercontinuum source directly from noise-like pulse emission in a tm-doped all-fiber laser with nonlinear polarization rotation. Results Optics. 2021; 2:100040.
10.1016/j.rio.2020.100040 Google Scholar
- 13Li C, Kong C, Wong KKY. High energy noise-like pulse generation from a mode-locked thulium- doped fiber laser at 1.7 μm. IEEE Photon J. 2019; 11:1505106.
- 14Wu C, Yao Y, Wu Q, Yang Y, Tian J, Xu K. Noise-like pulses under different intra-cavity nonlinearity. Opt Fiber Technol. 2021; 64:102549.
- 15Zheng XW, Luo ZC, Liu H, et al. High-energy noiselike rectangular pulse in a passively mode-locked figure-eight fiber laser. Appl Phys Exp. 2014; 7:042701.
- 16Lauterio-Cruz JP, Hernandez-Garcia JC, Pottiez O, et al. High energy noise-like pulsing in a double-clad Er/Yb figure-of- eight fiber laser. Opt Express. 2016; 24: 13778-13787.
- 17Chen H, Chen S, Jiang Z, Hou J. 0.4μJ, 7 kW ultrabroadband noise-like pulse direct generation from an all-fiber dumbbell-shaped laser. Opt Lett. 2015; 40: 5490-5493.
- 18Li W, Yi L, Zheng R, Ni Z, Hu W. Fabrication and application of a graphene polarizer with strong saturable absorption. Photonics Res. 2016; 4: 41-44.
- 19Wang Z, Wang Z, Liu Y, et al. Noise-like pulses generated from a passively mode-locked fiber laser with a WS2 saturable absorber on microfiber. Laser Phys Lett. 2018; 15:085103.
- 20Al-Hiti AS, Al-Masoodi AHH, Najm MM, Yasin M, Harun SW. Passively mode-locked laser at 1 μm region based on tungsten trioxide (WO3) saturable absorber. Optik. 2021; 231:166377.
- 21Abdul Hadi MAW, Lau KY, Zainol Abidin NH, et al. Investigation of tungsten trioxide as a new saturable absorber for ultrashort pulse generation. Opt Laser Technol. 2020; 132:106496.
- 22Al-Hiti AS, Al-Masoodi A, Harun SW, Yasin M, Wong WR. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) film absorber for generating soliton mode-locked pulses in erbium laser. Opt Laser Technol. 2020; 131:106429.
- 23Ahmed MHM, Khaleel WA, Sadeq SA, Hadi M, Zainol Abidin NH, Mahdi M. Mode-locked thulium doped fiber laser utilizing tungsten trioxide saturable absorber. Opt Laser Technol. 2021; 136:106730.
- 24Song YW, Jang SY, Han WS, Bae MK. Graphene mode-lockers for fiber lasers functioned with evanescent field interaction. Appl Phys Lett. 2010; 96:051122.
- 25Liu XM, Yang HR, Cui YD, et al. Graphene-clad microfibre saturable absorber for ultrafast fibre lasers. Sci Rep. 2016; 6: 26024.
- 26Martinez A, Araimi MA, Dmitriev A, et al. Low-loss saturable absorbers based on tapered fibers embedded in carbon nanotube/polymer composites. APL Photon. 2017; 2:126103.
- 27Stoliarov DA, Itrin PA, Korobko DA, et al. Saturable absorber based on the fiber coupler coated by CNTs. Opt Fiber Technol. 2021; 63:102524.
- 28Garmire E. Resonant optical nonlinearities in semiconductors. IEEE J Sel Quantum Electron. 2000; 6: 1094-1110.
- 29Chen Y, Wu M, Tang P, et al. The formation of various multi-soliton patterns and noise-like pulse in a fiber laser passively mode-locked by a topological insulator based saturable absorber. Laser Phys Lett. 2014; 11:055101.
- 30Sobon G, Sotor J, Przewolka A, Pasternak I, Strupinski W, Abramski K. Amplification of noise-like pulses generated from a graphene-based tm-doped all-fiber laser. Opt Express. 2016; 24: 20359-20364.
- 31Dong Z, Tian J, Li R, Cui Y, Zhang W, Song Y. Conventional soliton and noise-like pulse generated in an Er-doped fiber laser. Appl Sci. 2020; 10: 5536.
- 32Luo Y, Liu B, Xiang Y, et al. L-band noise-like pulse generation in a bidirectional mode-locked fiber laser. IEEE Photon Technol Lett. 2018; 30: 1333-1336.
- 33R. Zhou, X. Liu, Q. Li, and H. Y. Fu, Low repetition rate rectangular noise-like pulses in an erbium-doped fiber laser. Paper presented at: 24th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC) and 2019 International Conference on Photonics in Switching and Computing (PSC), Fukuoka, Japan, 2019.
- 34Y. Pei, Y. Zhou, J. Yin, and K. Xu, Noise-like pulses with low repetition rate in an all-polarization-maintaining mode-locked figure-of-9 Er-doped fiber laser. Paper presented at: Proceedings of SPIE 11209, Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090T (2019), Xi'an, China.
