Crystal-to-Gel Transformation Stimulated by a Solid-State E→Z Photoisomerization
Dr. Fei Tong
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92521 USA
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Shaolong Chen
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521 USA
Search for more papers by this authorZhiwei Li
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92521 USA
Search for more papers by this authorMingyue Liu
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521 USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Rabih O. Al-Kaysi
College of Science and Health Professions-3124, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, 11426 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Umar Mohideen
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521 USA
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Yadong Yin
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92521 USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Christopher J. Bardeen
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92521 USA
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Fei Tong
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92521 USA
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Shaolong Chen
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521 USA
Search for more papers by this authorZhiwei Li
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92521 USA
Search for more papers by this authorMingyue Liu
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521 USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Rabih O. Al-Kaysi
College of Science and Health Professions-3124, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, 11426 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Umar Mohideen
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521 USA
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Yadong Yin
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92521 USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Christopher J. Bardeen
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92521 USA
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The molecule (E)-(5-(3-anthracen-9-yl-allylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3] dioxane-4,6-dione) (E-AYAD) undergoes E→Z photoisomerization. In the solid state, this photoisomerization process can initiate a physical transformation of the crystal that is accompanied by a large volume expansion (ca. 10 times), loss of crystallinity, and growth of large pores. This physical change requires approximately 10 % conversion of the E isomer to the Z isomer and results in a gel-like solid with decreased stiffness that still retains its mechanical integrity. The induced porosity allows the expanding gel to engulf superparamagnetic nanoparticles from the surrounding liquid. The trapped superparamagnetic nanoparticles impart a magnetic susceptibility to the gel, allowing it to be moved by a magnetic field. The photoinduced phase transition, starting with a compact crystalline solid instead of a dilute solution, provides a new route for in situ production of functional porous materials.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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