3D Concrete Printing

Although there is a wide range of possible processes, 3D concrete printing techniques (which often involve mortar more frequently than concrete, as the presence of gravel requires large pumps, print heads and robots) share many points in common, particularly in the use of digital technology and robotics. The integration of robotics and digital technology means that the starting point is the design of a 3D model of the object to be printed, the drafting of instructions that the robot can understand and finally the production of the object by the robot. This chapter starts by presenting these stages, which are common to the printing process in general. It then presents the current applications of the 3D concrete and mortar printing, focusing on the materials used and alternatives to conventional cementitious materials. Finally, the chapter presents several classifications that help position a given printing process in the world of digital concrete manufacturing.

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3D Concrete Printing: State of the Art and Applications