This chapter contains sections titled:

• Introduction

  • Phenomenological Theory and Its Significance

  • Many-Flux Theory

  • Surface Phenomena

• Four-Flux Theory

  • The Differential Equations and Their Integration

  • Transmittance and Transmission Factor

  • Reflectance and Reflection Factor

  • Limiting Cases of Reflection

  • Determination of the Coefficients

• Kubelka-Munk Theory

  • Significance and Formalism

  • Limiting Cases of Reflection

  • Determination of the Absorption and Scattering Coefficients

• Hiding Power

  • General

  • Achromatic Coatings

  • Scattering and Absorption Components

• Transparency

  • Description and Definition

  • Coloring Power

  • Achromatic Coatings

• Principle of Spectral Evaluation

  • Description and Significance

  • Application to Hiding Power

  • Application to Transparency and Coloring Power

• List of Symbols Used in Formulas

• Summary