Mereological Nihilism and Puzzles about Material Objects
Corresponding Author
Bradley Rettler
Department of Philosophy, Fordham University
Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, University of Wyoming
Correspondence: Bradley Rettler, Fordham University, Department of Philosophy. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Bradley Rettler
Department of Philosophy, Fordham University
Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, University of Wyoming
Correspondence: Bradley Rettler, Fordham University, Department of Philosophy. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Mereological nihilism is the view that no objects have proper parts. Despite how counter-intuitive it is, it is taken quite seriously, largely because it solves a number of puzzles in the metaphysics of material objects – or so its proponents claim. In this article, I show that for every puzzle that mereological nihilism solves, there is a similar puzzle that (a) it doesn’t solve, and (b) every other solution to the original puzzle does solve. Since the solutions to the new puzzles apply just as well to the old puzzles, the old puzzles provide no motivation to be a mereological nihilist.
References
- Baker, L. R. (1997). ‘Why Constitution Is Not Identity,’ Journal of Philosophy 94, pp. 599–621.
- Baker, L. R. (2007). The Metaphysics of Everyday Life: An Essay in Practical Realism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10.1017/CBO9780511487545 Google Scholar
- Baker, L.R. (2009). ‘ The Very Idea of Material Constitution.’
- Baker, L. R. (2012). Persons and Bodies: A Constitution View. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Barnes, E. (2014). ‘Fundamental Indeterminacy,’ Analytic Philosophy 55(4), pp. 339–362.
10.1111/phib.12049 Google Scholar
- Bennett, K. (2009). ‘ Composition, colocation, and metaontology,’ In D. J. Chalmers, D. Manley & R. Wasserman (eds.), Metametaphysics: New Essays on the Foundations of Ontology. Oxford University Press. p. 38.
10.1093/oso/9780199546046.003.0002 Google Scholar
- Braddon-Mitchell, D. and Miller, K. (2006). ‘The Physics of Extended Simples,’ Analysis 66, pp. 222–226.
- Brenner, A. (2015). ‘Mereological Nihilism and Theoretical Unification,’ Analytic Philosophy 56(4), pp. 318–337.
- Burke, M. (1994). ‘Preserving the Principle of one Object to a Place: A Novel Account of the Relations among Objects, Sorts, Sortals, and Persistence Conditions,’ Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 54, pp. 591–624.
- Callender, C. (2011). ‘ Philosophy of Science and Metaphysics,’ in S. French and J. Saatsi (eds) Continuum Companion to the Philosophy of Science. London: Continuum, pp. 33–54.
- Calosi, C. (2016). ‘Composition Is Identity and Mereological Nihilism,’ The Philosophical Quarterly 66(263), pp. 219–235.
- Chisholm, R. (1973). ‘Parts as Essential to their Wholes,’ Review of Metaphysics 26, pp. 581–603.
- Chisholm, R. (1976). Person and Object: A Metaphysical Study. La Salle, IL: Open Court Publishing Co.
- Contessa, G. (2014). ‘One's a Crowd: Mereological Nihilism without Ordinary-Object Eliminativism,’ Analytic Philosophy 54(4), pp. 199–221.
10.1111/phib.12037 Google Scholar
- Cotnoir, A. J. (2014). ‘ Composition as Identity: Framing the Debate,’ in A. Cotnoir and D. Baxter (eds) Composition as Identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 3–23.
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199669615.003.0001 Google Scholar
- Dorr, C. (2002). ‘ The Simplicity of Everything.’ PhD thesis, Princeton University.
- Einheuser, I. (2006). ‘Counterconventional Conditionals,’ Philosophical Studies 127, pp. 459–482.
- Feldman, F. (1973). ‘Sortal Predicates,’ Noûs 7(3), pp. 268–282.
10.2307/2214351 Google Scholar
- Fine, K. (1975). ‘Vagueness, Truth and Logic,’ Synthese 30, pp. 265–300.
10.1007/BF00485047 Google Scholar
- Geach, P. T. (1980). Reference and Generality. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
- Gibbard, A. (1975). ‘Contingent Identity,’ Journal of Philosophical Logic 4, pp. 187–221.
- Greene, B. (1999). The Elegant Universe. New York: Vintage Books.
- Hawley, K. (2001). How Things Persist. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Hawley, K. (2004). ‘Borderline Simple or Extremely Simple,’ The Monist 87(3), pp. 385–404.
- Hawthorne, J. (2006). Metaphysical Essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199291236.001.0001 Google Scholar
- Heller, M. (1990). The Ontology of Physical Objects: Four-Dimensional Hunks of Matter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10.1017/CBO9781139166409 Google Scholar
- Hirsch, E. (2010). Quantifier Variance and Realism: Essays in Metaontology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Hobbes, T. (1655). De Corpore.
- Horgan, T. and Potrč, M. (2008). Austere Realism: Contextual Semantics Meets Minimal Ontology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
10.7551/mitpress/9780262083768.001.0001 Google Scholar
- Hudson, H. (2001). A Materialist Metaphysics of the Human Person. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
10.7591/9781501725715 Google Scholar
- Kleinschmidt, S. (2007). ‘Some Things about Stuff,’ Philosophical Studies 135(3), pp. 407–423.
- Korman, D.Z. (2007). ‘ The Naive Conception of Material Objects: A Defense.’ PhD thesis, University of Texas at Austin.
- Korman, D. Z. (2010a). ‘Strange Kinds, Familiar Kinds, and the Charge of Arbitrariness,’ Oxford Studies in Metaphysics, pp. 119–144.
- Korman, D. Z. (2010b). ‘The Argument from Vagueness,’ Philosophy Compass 5(10), pp. 891–901.
10.1111/j.1747-9991.2010.00327.x Google Scholar
- Korman, D. Z. (2015). Objects: Nothing out of the Ordinary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198732532.001.0001 Google Scholar
- Korman, D.Z. (2016). ‘ Ordinary Objects,’ in E.N. Zalta (ed.) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Spring. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/ordinary-objects/: Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
- Lewis, D. (1976). ‘ Survival and Identity,’ in A. O. Rorty (ed.) The Identities of Persons. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, pp. 17–40.
- Lewis, D. (1986). On the Plurality of Worlds. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
- Lewis, D. (1993). ‘ Many, but Almost one,’ in J. Bacon, K. Campbell and L. Reinhardt (eds) Ontology, Causality, and Mind: Essays on the Philosophy of D. M. Armstrong. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 23–42.
- Liggins, D. (2008). ‘ Nihilism without Self-Contradiction,’ in Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 62(62). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 177–196.
10.1017/S1358246108000635 Google Scholar
- Markosian, N. (1998a). ‘Brutal Composition,’ Philosophical Studies 92, pp. 211–249.
- Markosian, N. (1998b). ‘Simples,’ Australasian Journal of Philosophy 76, pp. 213–226.
- Markosian, N. (2004). ‘Simples, Stuff, and Simple People,’ The Monist 87, pp. 405–428.
- Markosian, N. (2008). ‘ Restricted Composition,’ in D. Zimmerman, T. Sider and J. Hawthorne (eds) Contemporary Debates in Metaphysics. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 341–363.
- McDaniel, K. (2007). ‘Extended Simples,’ Philosophical Studies 133, pp. 131–141.
- McGee, V. and McLaughlin, B. (2000). ‘The Lessons of the Many,’ Philosophical Topics 28, pp. 129–151.
10.5840/philtopics200028120 Google Scholar
- Merricks, T. (2001). Objects and Persons. Oxford: Clarendon.
10.1093/0199245363.001.0001 Google Scholar
- Moyer, M. (2006). ‘Statues and Lumps: A Strange Coincidence?’ Synthese 148(2), pp. 401–423.
- Parsons, J. (2000). ‘Must a Four-Dimensionalist Believe in Temporal Parts?’ The Monist 83(3), pp. 399–418.
- Parsons, J. (2007). ‘ Theories of Location,’ in D. W. Zimmerman (ed.) Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 3. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 201–232.
- Parsons, J. (n.d.). ‘ Entension, or how it could Happen that an Object Is Wholly Located in each of Many Places.’ http://www.otago.ac.nz/philosophy/Staff/JoshParsons/papers/entension2.pdf.
- Quine, W. V. O. (1950). ‘Identity, Ostension, and Hypostasis,’ Journal of Philosophy 47, pp. 621–633.
10.2307/2021795 Google Scholar
- Rea, M. (2000). ‘Constitution and Kind Membership,’ Philosophical Studies 97, pp. 169–193.
- Saenz, N. B. (2015). ‘A Grounding Solution to the Grounding Problem,’ Philosophical Studies 172(8), pp. 2193–2214.
- Saucedo, R. (2011). ‘ Parthood and Location,’ in D. W. Zimmerman and K. Bennett (eds) Oxford Studies in Metaphysics, Volume 6. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199603039.003.0008 Google Scholar
- Sider, T. (1996). ‘All the World's a Stage,’ Australasian Journal of Philosophy 74, pp. 433–453.
- Sider, T. (1997). ‘Four-Dimensionalism,’ Philosophical Review 106, pp. 197–231.
- Sider, T. (2001a). Four-Dimensionalism. Oxford: Clarendon.
10.1093/019924443X.001.0001 Google Scholar
- Sider, T. (2001b). ‘Maximality and Intrinsic Properties,’ Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 63, pp. 357–364.
- Sider, T. (2007). ‘Parthood,’ The Philosophical Review 116, pp. 51–91.
- Sider, T. (2009). ‘ Ontological Realism,’ in D. Chalmers, D. Manley and R. Wasserman (eds) Metametaphysics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Sider, T. (2013). ‘ Against Parthood,’ in K. Bennett and D. W. Zimmerman (eds) Oxford Studies in Metaphysics, Volume 8. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199682904.003.0006 Google Scholar
- Simons, P. (2004). ‘Extended Simples: A Third Way between Atoms and Gunk,’ The Monist 87, pp. 371–384.
- Smolin, L. (2004). ‘Atoms of Space and Time,’ Sci Am 290(1), pp. 66–75.
- Spencer, J. (2010). ‘A Tale of two Simples,’ Philosophical Studies 148(2), pp. 167–181.
- Sutton, C. S. (2014). ‘The Supervenience Solution to the Too-Many-Thinkers Problem,’ Philosophical Quarterly 64(257), pp. 619–639.
- Tognazzini, N. (2006). ‘Simples and the Possibility of Discrete Space,’ Australasian Journal of Philosophy 84(1), pp. 117–128.
- Unger, P. (1979). ‘There Are no Ordinary Things,’ Synthese 41, pp. 117–154.
- Unger, P. (1980). ‘ The Problem of the Many,’ in P. French, T. E. Uehling and H. K. Wettstein (eds) Midwest Studies in Philosophy V: Studies in Epistemology. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 411–467.
10.1111/j.1475-4975.1980.tb00416.x Google Scholar
- Uzquiano, G. (2011). ‘ Mereological Harmony,’ in D. W. Zimmerman and K. Bennett (eds) Oxford Studies in Metaphysics, Volume 6. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199603039.003.0007 Google Scholar
- van Inwagen, P. (1990). Material Beings. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
- Wallace, J. R. (1965). ‘Sortal Predicates and Quantification,’ Journal of Philosophy 62(1), pp. 8–13.
- Wentworth, C. K. (1922). ‘A Scale of Grade and Class Terms for Clastic Sediments,’ J Geol 30(5), pp. 377–392.
10.1086/622910 Google Scholar
- Williams, J. R. G. (2006). ‘An Argument for the Many,’ Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 106, pp. 411–417.
10.1111/j.1467-9264.2006.00157.x Google Scholar
- Williamson, T. (1994). Vagueness. London: Routledge.