RESEARCH ARTICLE
How Does Fire Exclusion Affect the Belowground Biomass of Tropical Open Ecosystems?
Juliana Teixeira,
Lara Souza,
Aline Bombo,
Soizig Le Stradic,
Corresponding Author
Juliana Teixeira
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
Correspondence:
Juliana Teixeira ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorLara Souza
School of Biological Sciences & Oklahoma Biological Survey, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAline Bombo
Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorSoizig Le Stradic
Chair of Restoration Ecology, Ecology and Ecosystem Management Department, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
BIOGECO Biodiversity, Genes & Communities, UMR INRAE/University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
Search for more papers by this authorJuliana Teixeira,
Lara Souza,
Aline Bombo,
Soizig Le Stradic,
Corresponding Author
Juliana Teixeira
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
Correspondence:
Juliana Teixeira ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorLara Souza
School of Biological Sciences & Oklahoma Biological Survey, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAline Bombo
Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorSoizig Le Stradic
Chair of Restoration Ecology, Ecology and Ecosystem Management Department, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
BIOGECO Biodiversity, Genes & Communities, UMR INRAE/University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 18 March 2025
Funding: This project was financially supported by the National Geographic Society (NGS 51903C-18) and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP 2015/06743-0). J.T. received a grant from the Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq 141715/2018-9). A.B.B. received a grant from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP 2017/02934-1). J.T. also received travel support from the Bayerisches Hochschulzentrum für Lateinamerika (BAYLAT).
Co-ordinating Editor: Eric Lamb
ABSTRACT
Aim
Belowground biomass, including roots and belowground bud-bearing organs, is crucial in tropical open ecosystems, particularly during post-fire regeneration. However, we still do not understand how variation in fire regime modulates the allocation of biomass in these belowground parts. In two distinct fire regimes, we investigated aboveground and belowground biomass, as well as the distribution of biomass and the composition of bud-bearing belowground organs in open tropical ecosystems.
Location
Five tropical open ecosystems in Brazil (from northern to southeast Brazil).
Methods
We assessed above- and belowground plant biomass across 100 plots (10 plots for each of the two treatment conditions i.e. frequently burnt and fire excluded, and at five sites in total). We sorted out biomass as live aboveground, belowground bud-bearing organs, coarse (> 2 mm) and fine roots (< 2 mm). Bud-bearing belowground organs were classified into morphological categories (e.g., xylopodia, woody rhizome and fleshy rhizome).
Results
Fire-excluded areas had a lower root-to-shoot ratio and lower total belowground-to-aboveground biomass allocation than areas frequently burnt. The total belowground biomass, as well as fine and coarse root biomass and belowground bud-bearing organ biomass, remained unchanged with fire exclusion. The composition of belowground bud-bearing organs changed towards organs with lateral spread, such as woody and fleshy rhizomes, when fire was excluded.
Conclusions
More than 10 years of fire exclusion did not affect the total belowground biomass but changed the composition of bud-bearing belowground organs in tropical open ecosystems. Even after 12 years of fire exclusion, bud-bearing belowground organs were still present in the community, ensuring resilience to fire even if they were not burned regularly.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
All the data supporting this study's findings are available in the Zenodo Repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14901371).
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| jvs70027-sup-0001-AppendixS1.pdfPDF document, 26.6 KB |
Appendix S1. General information about the different open ecosystems’ sampling areas. |
| jvs70027-sup-0002-AppendixS2.pdfPDF document, 246.7 KB |
Appendix S2. Tables of belowground allocation variables (mean ± SE), statistical model results and figure for the proportional distribution of the belowground biomass (i.e., fine roots, coarse roots and bud-bearing belowground organs). |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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