The relationships between fluoride intake levels and fluorosis of late-erupting permanent teeth
Corresponding Author
Pradeep Bhagavatula BDS, MPH, MS
Department of Clinical Services, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Correspondence Pradeep Bhagavatula, Marquette University School of Dentistry, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881. Tel.: 414-288-5694; Fax: 414-288-3586; e-mail: [email protected]. Alexandra Curtis is with the Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa. Barbara Broffitt and John Warren are with the Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa. Karin Weber-Gasparoni is with the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa. Steven M. Levy is with the Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry and Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa.Search for more papers by this authorAlexandra Curtis MS
Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBarbara Broffitt MS
Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorKarin Weber-Gasparoni DDS, MS, PhD
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJohn Warren DDS, MS
Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSteven M. Levy DDS, MPH
Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Pradeep Bhagavatula BDS, MPH, MS
Department of Clinical Services, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Correspondence Pradeep Bhagavatula, Marquette University School of Dentistry, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881. Tel.: 414-288-5694; Fax: 414-288-3586; e-mail: [email protected]. Alexandra Curtis is with the Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa. Barbara Broffitt and John Warren are with the Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa. Karin Weber-Gasparoni is with the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa. Steven M. Levy is with the Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry and Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa.Search for more papers by this authorAlexandra Curtis MS
Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBarbara Broffitt MS
Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorKarin Weber-Gasparoni DDS, MS, PhD
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJohn Warren DDS, MS
Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSteven M. Levy DDS, MPH
Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Objectives
To examine the relationships between fluoride intake levels and fluorosis of late-erupting permanent teeth.
Methods
The current study used information collected from 437 children in the longitudinal Iowa Fluoride Study. Participants' fluoride intake information was collected using questionnaires from birth to age 10 years. Estimated mean daily fluoride intake was categorized into low, moderate, and high intake tertiles for each age interval (2-5, 5-8, and 2-8 years). Bivariate analyses were performed to study the relationships between self-reported fluoride intake levels during three age intervals and dental fluorosis.
Results
For canines and second molars, the prevalence of mostly mild fluorosis was less than 10% in the lowest fluoride intake tertile and more than 25% in the highest intake tertile. For both first and second premolars, the prevalence in the low and high intake tertiles was approximately 10-15% and 25-40%, respectively. When estimated total daily fluoride intake was 0.04 mg/kg BW during ages 2-8 years, the predicted probability of fluorosis was 16.0%, 20.5%, 21.8%, and 15.4% for canines, 1st and 2nd and premolars and 2nd molars, respectively. We found that an incremental increase in fluoride intake during the age 5- to 8-year interval led to greater odds for development of mostly mild dental fluorosis in late-erupting teeth compared to increases in fluoride intake during other age intervals.
Conclusions
Our results clearly show that dental fluorosis prevalence is closely related to fluoride intake levels and that teeth have greater susceptibility to fluoride intake during certain age intervals.
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