REVIEW
Prostate cancer and inflammation: the evidence
Karen S Sfanos, Angelo M De Marzo,
Angelo M De Marzo
Departments of Pathology
Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
Department of Urology, The Brady Urological Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorKaren S Sfanos, Angelo M De Marzo,
Angelo M De Marzo
Departments of Pathology
Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
Department of Urology, The Brady Urological Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorK S Sfanos, Department of Pathology, The Koch Cancer Research Building II, 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII, Room 1M43, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Sfanos K S & De Marzo A M (2012) Histopathology 60, 199–215 Prostate cancer and inflammation: the evidence
Chronic inflammation is now known to contribute to several forms of human cancer, with an estimated 20% of adult cancers attributable to chronic inflammatory conditions caused by infectious agents, chronic non-infectious inflammatory diseases and/or other environmental factors. Indeed, chronic inflammation is now regarded as an ‘enabling characteristic’ of human cancer. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature on the evidence for a role for chronic inflammation in prostate cancer aetiology, with a specific focus on recent advances regarding the following: (i) potential stimuli for prostatic inflammation; (ii) prostate cancer immunobiology; (iii) inflammatory pathways and cytokines in prostate cancer risk and development; (iv) proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) as a risk factor lesion to prostate cancer development; and (v) the role of nutritional or other anti-inflammatory compounds in reducing prostate cancer risk.
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