Platelets release novel thiol isomerase enzymes which are recruited to the cell surface following activation
Lisa-Marie Holbrook
Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire
Search for more papers by this authorNicholas A. Watkins
Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, On behalf of the Bloodomics Consortium
Search for more papers by this authorAlan D. Simmonds
Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire
Search for more papers by this authorChris I. Jones
Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire
Search for more papers by this authorWillem H. Ouwehand
Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, On behalf of the Bloodomics Consortium
Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan M. Gibbins
Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire
Search for more papers by this authorLisa-Marie Holbrook
Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire
Search for more papers by this authorNicholas A. Watkins
Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, On behalf of the Bloodomics Consortium
Search for more papers by this authorAlan D. Simmonds
Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire
Search for more papers by this authorChris I. Jones
Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire
Search for more papers by this authorWillem H. Ouwehand
Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, On behalf of the Bloodomics Consortium
Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan M. Gibbins
Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
The thiol isomerase enzymes protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) and endoplasmic reticulum protein 5 (ERp5) are released by resting and activated platelets. These re-associate with the cell surface where they modulate a range of platelet responses including adhesion, secretion and aggregation. Recent studies suggest the existence of yet uncharacterised platelet thiol isomerase proteins. This study aimed to identify which other thiol isomerase enzymes are present in human platelets. Through the use of immunoblotting, flow cytometry, cell-surface biotinylation and gene array analysis, we report the presence of five additional thiol isomerases in human and mouse platelets and megakaryocytes, namely; ERp57, ERp72, ERp44, ERp29 and TMX3. ERp72, ERp57, ERp44 and ERp29 are released by platelets and relocate to the cell surface following platelet activation. The transmembrane thiol isomerase TMX3 was also detected on the platelet surface but does not increase following activation. Extracellular PDI is also implicated in the regulation of coagulation by the modulation of tissue factor activity. ERp57 was identified within platelet-derived microparticle fractions, suggesting that ERp57 may also be involved in the regulation of coagulation as well as platelet function. These data collectively implicate the expanding family of platelet-surface thiol isomerases in the regulation of haemostasis.
Supporting Information
Fig S1. ERp72 antibody cross reacts with ERp57 protein. Recombinant ERp57 and ERp72 (0.25 μg) were separated alongside whole platelet lysate proteins by SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membrane. Immunoblots were probed for ERp57 (A and B) or ERp72 (C and D).
Table SI. Thiol isomerase expression levels in all haematopoetic cell types.
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