Patients' productivity losses and informal care costs related to ischemic stroke: a French population-based study
Corresponding Author
M. Barral
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Public Health Department, Lyon, France
Correspondence: M. Barral, Pôle Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 162 avenue Lacassagne, 69 424, Lyon Cedex 03, France (tel.: +33 6 59 69 79 42; fax: +33 4 72 11 57 20; e-mail: [email protected]).
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Data curation (lead), Formal analysis (lead), Methodology (equal), Writing - original draft (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorH. Rabier
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Public Health Department, Lyon, France
Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, F-69008, Lyon, France
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting), Methodology (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorA. Termoz
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Public Health Department, Lyon, France
Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, F-69008, Lyon, France
Contribution: Data curation (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorH. Serrier
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Public Health Department, Lyon, France
Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, F-69008, Lyon, France
Contribution: Methodology (supporting), Supervision (supporting), Validation (supporting), Writing - original draft (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorC. Colin
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Public Health Department, Lyon, France
Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, F-69008, Lyon, France
Contribution: Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Haesebaert
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Public Health Department, Lyon, France
Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, F-69008, Lyon, France
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorL. Derex
Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, F-69008, Lyon, France
Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69500, Bron, France
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorN. Nighoghossian
Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69500, Bron, France
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorA.-M. Schott
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Public Health Department, Lyon, France
Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, F-69008, Lyon, France
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Formal analysis (supporting), Supervision (supporting), Validation (supporting), Writing - review & editing (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorM. Viprey
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Public Health Department, Lyon, France
Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, F-69008, Lyon, France
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Formal analysis (lead), Methodology (supporting), Supervision (lead), Validation (lead), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorthe Stroke69 Study Group
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
M. Barral
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Public Health Department, Lyon, France
Correspondence: M. Barral, Pôle Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 162 avenue Lacassagne, 69 424, Lyon Cedex 03, France (tel.: +33 6 59 69 79 42; fax: +33 4 72 11 57 20; e-mail: [email protected]).
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Data curation (lead), Formal analysis (lead), Methodology (equal), Writing - original draft (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorH. Rabier
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Public Health Department, Lyon, France
Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, F-69008, Lyon, France
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting), Methodology (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorA. Termoz
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Public Health Department, Lyon, France
Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, F-69008, Lyon, France
Contribution: Data curation (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorH. Serrier
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Public Health Department, Lyon, France
Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, F-69008, Lyon, France
Contribution: Methodology (supporting), Supervision (supporting), Validation (supporting), Writing - original draft (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorC. Colin
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Public Health Department, Lyon, France
Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, F-69008, Lyon, France
Contribution: Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Haesebaert
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Public Health Department, Lyon, France
Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, F-69008, Lyon, France
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorL. Derex
Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, F-69008, Lyon, France
Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69500, Bron, France
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorN. Nighoghossian
Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69500, Bron, France
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorA.-M. Schott
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Public Health Department, Lyon, France
Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, F-69008, Lyon, France
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Formal analysis (supporting), Supervision (supporting), Validation (supporting), Writing - review & editing (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorM. Viprey
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Public Health Department, Lyon, France
Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, F-69008, Lyon, France
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Formal analysis (lead), Methodology (supporting), Supervision (lead), Validation (lead), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorthe Stroke69 Study Group
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Background and purpose
Large societal costs of stroke should not be ignored. We aimed to estimate patients' productivity losses and informal care costs during the first year after ischemic stroke.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was performed within the STROKE69 regional population-based cohort study. At 1 year post-stroke, each patient and the corresponding main informal caregiver received questionnaires followed by a telephone interview if necessary. Time losses were valued using the human capital approach and proxy good method for patients with and without a professional activity, respectively.
Results
Among the 222 patients with ischemic stroke (58% men; mean age 68 years; and 86% with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of <3 at 3 months), 54%, 32%, and 25% received informal, formal, and both cares, respectively. Among the 108 main informal caregivers, 63% were women, 74% lived with the patient, and 57% were retired or unemployed. The mean cost of productivity losses was estimated at €7589 ± €12 305 per patient in the first post-stroke year with 5.4%, 71.2%, and 23.4% of these being attributed to presenteeism, absenteeism, and leisure time, respectively. Informal care was given at an average of 25 h/week. The annual mean estimated total cost of informal care was €10 635 per caregiver.
Conclusions
Informal care and productivity losses of patients with ischemic stroke during the first post-stroke year represent a significant economic burden for society comparable to direct costs. These costs should be included in economic evaluations with the adoption of a societal perspective to avoid underestimating the societal stroke economic burden.
Disclosure of conflicts of interest
The authors declare no financial or other conflicts of interest.
Open Research
Data availability statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| ene14585-sup-0001-AppendixS1.docxWord document, 107.1 KB | Appendix S1. Excerpts from questionnaires sent to each patient and the corresponding main caregiver in the STROKE69 study, translated from French. |
| ene14585-sup-0002-AppendixS2.docxWord document, 15.5 KB | Appendix S2. STROKE69 study group. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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