Septal Curvature Is Marker of Hemodynamic, Anatomical, and Electromechanical Ventricular Interdependence in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Abstract
Aims
The objective of this study was to determine the factors independently associated with septal curvature in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
Methods
Eighty-five consecutive patients with PAH who had an echocardiogram and a right heart catheterization within 24 hours of each others were included in the study. Septal curvature was assessed at the mid-papillary level using the eccentricity index (EI). Marked early systolic septal anterior motion was defined as a change in EI > 0.2 between end-diastole and early systole. Inter-ventricular mechanical delay was calculated as the percent time difference between right ventricular (RV) to left ventricular (LV) end-ejection time normalized for the RR interval.
Results
Average age was 45 ± 11 years and the majority of patients were women (75%). Mean right atrial pressure was 11 ± 7 mmHg, mean PAP was 52 ± 13 mmHg, relative RV area 1.8 ± 0.9, and RV fractional area change 24 ± 8%. End-diastolic EI was 1.6 ± 0.4 and systolic EI was 2.5 ± 0.8. On multivariate analysis relative pulmonary pressure, relative RV area, and inter-ventricular mechanical delay were independently associated with systolic EI (R2 = 0.72, P < 0.001). Independent determinants of diastolic EI included relative RV area and mean PAP (R2 = 0.69, P < 0.001). A systolic EI >1.08 differentiated patients with PAH from healthy controls with an AUC = 0.99. Patients with early systolic septal anterior motion (44% of subjects) had lower exercise capacity, more extensive ventricular remodeling, and worst ventricular function.
Conclusion
Septal curvature is a useful marker of structural, hemodynamic, and electromechanical ventricular interdependence in PAH.
