Association between serum calcium level and type 2 diabetes: An NHANES analysis and Mendelian randomization study
Zhiyu Zhai
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorYun Deng
Community Health Service Center of Xiagang Street, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorYunbiao He
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorLi Chen
Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
Search for more papers by this authorXia Chen
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorLei Zuo
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorMingliang Liu
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorMinzhi Mao
Community Health Service Center of Xiagang Street, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorSha Li
Community Health Service Center of Xiagang Street, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorHaiping Hu
Community Health Service Center of Xiagang Street, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorHaiyan Chen
Department of Parasitic Disease and Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yuan Wei
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
Correspondence
Yuan Wei, Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Guangzhou Sport University No.1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China.
Email: [email protected]
Qin Zhou, Department of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China. No. 1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China.
Email: [email protected]
Guang Hao, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
Email: [email protected]
Shuang Peng, Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University No.1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Qin Zhou
Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
Correspondence
Yuan Wei, Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Guangzhou Sport University No.1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China.
Email: [email protected]
Qin Zhou, Department of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China. No. 1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China.
Email: [email protected]
Guang Hao, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
Email: [email protected]
Shuang Peng, Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University No.1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Guang Hao
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Correspondence
Yuan Wei, Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Guangzhou Sport University No.1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China.
Email: [email protected]
Qin Zhou, Department of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China. No. 1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China.
Email: [email protected]
Guang Hao, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
Email: [email protected]
Shuang Peng, Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University No.1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Shuang Peng
School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
Correspondence
Yuan Wei, Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Guangzhou Sport University No.1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China.
Email: [email protected]
Qin Zhou, Department of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China. No. 1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China.
Email: [email protected]
Guang Hao, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
Email: [email protected]
Shuang Peng, Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University No.1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorZhiyu Zhai
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorYun Deng
Community Health Service Center of Xiagang Street, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorYunbiao He
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorLi Chen
Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
Search for more papers by this authorXia Chen
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorLei Zuo
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorMingliang Liu
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorMinzhi Mao
Community Health Service Center of Xiagang Street, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorSha Li
Community Health Service Center of Xiagang Street, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorHaiping Hu
Community Health Service Center of Xiagang Street, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorHaiyan Chen
Department of Parasitic Disease and Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yuan Wei
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
Correspondence
Yuan Wei, Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Guangzhou Sport University No.1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China.
Email: [email protected]
Qin Zhou, Department of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China. No. 1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China.
Email: [email protected]
Guang Hao, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
Email: [email protected]
Shuang Peng, Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University No.1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Qin Zhou
Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
Correspondence
Yuan Wei, Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Guangzhou Sport University No.1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China.
Email: [email protected]
Qin Zhou, Department of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China. No. 1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China.
Email: [email protected]
Guang Hao, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
Email: [email protected]
Shuang Peng, Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University No.1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Guang Hao
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Correspondence
Yuan Wei, Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Guangzhou Sport University No.1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China.
Email: [email protected]
Qin Zhou, Department of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China. No. 1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China.
Email: [email protected]
Guang Hao, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
Email: [email protected]
Shuang Peng, Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University No.1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Shuang Peng
School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
Correspondence
Yuan Wei, Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Guangzhou Sport University No.1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China.
Email: [email protected]
Qin Zhou, Department of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China. No. 1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China.
Email: [email protected]
Guang Hao, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
Email: [email protected]
Shuang Peng, Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University No.1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Aims
This study investigated the association between serum calcium levels and the prevalence of T2D using a cross-sectional study and Mendelian randomization analysis.
Methods
Cross-sectional data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018. Serum calcium levels were divided into three groups (low, medium and high groups) according to the tertiles. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between serum calcium levels and T2D prevalence. Instrumental variables for serum calcium levels were obtained from the UK Biobank and a two-sample MR analysis was performed to examine the causal relationship between genetically predicted serum calcium levels and the risk of T2D.
Results
A total of 39,645 participants were available for cross-sectional analysis. After adjusting for covariates, participants in the high serum calcium group had significantly higher odds of T2D (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.07, 1.30, p = 0.001) than those in the moderate group. Restricted cubic spline plots showed a J-shaped curve relationship between serum calcium level and prevalence of T2D. Consistently, Mendelian randomization analysis showed that higher genetically predicted serum calcium levels were causally associated with a higher risk of T2D (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.33, p = 0.031).
Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that higher serum calcium levels are causally associated with a higher risk of T2D. Further studies are needed to clarify whether intervening in high serum calcium could reduce the risk of T2D.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in nhanes at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| dme15080-sup-0001-DataS1.docWord document, 4.5 MB |
Data S1 |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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