Xiao-Jie-An Capsule Alleviates Uterine Fibroids by Modulating Oestrogen–Progesterone Balance and Reducing Inflammatory Response
Yi Ying
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Contribution: Writing - original draft, Validation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorJihan Liu
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Contribution: Validation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorShanshan Ju
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Medical Innovation Center (Taizhou) of Peking University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
Contribution: Validation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorMeiyu Shen
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Medical Innovation Center (Taizhou) of Peking University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
Contribution: Validation
Search for more papers by this authorNannan Li
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Contribution: Validation
Search for more papers by this authorYongpan An
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
Contribution: Validation
Search for more papers by this authorFeng Lu
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Contribution: Validation
Search for more papers by this authorYiwen Tang
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Search for more papers by this authorZhijing Wu
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Baoxue Yang
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Medical Innovation Center (Taizhou) of Peking University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
Correspondence:
Baoxue Yang ([email protected])
Min Li ([email protected])
Contribution: Conceptualization, Writing - review & editing, Funding acquisition, Supervision
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Min Li
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Correspondence:
Baoxue Yang ([email protected])
Min Li ([email protected])
Contribution: Writing - review & editing, Funding acquisition, Project administration
Search for more papers by this authorYi Ying
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Contribution: Writing - original draft, Validation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorJihan Liu
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Contribution: Validation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorShanshan Ju
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Medical Innovation Center (Taizhou) of Peking University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
Contribution: Validation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorMeiyu Shen
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Medical Innovation Center (Taizhou) of Peking University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
Contribution: Validation
Search for more papers by this authorNannan Li
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Contribution: Validation
Search for more papers by this authorYongpan An
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
Contribution: Validation
Search for more papers by this authorFeng Lu
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Contribution: Validation
Search for more papers by this authorYiwen Tang
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Search for more papers by this authorZhijing Wu
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Baoxue Yang
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Medical Innovation Center (Taizhou) of Peking University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
Correspondence:
Baoxue Yang ([email protected])
Min Li ([email protected])
Contribution: Conceptualization, Writing - review & editing, Funding acquisition, Supervision
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Min Li
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Correspondence:
Baoxue Yang ([email protected])
Min Li ([email protected])
Contribution: Writing - review & editing, Funding acquisition, Project administration
Search for more papers by this authorFunding: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 82273999, 81974083 and 81800388 and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation grant 7212151.
BCPT recognizes the potential of Natural Product studies in the identification of new therapies but wishes to emphasize that findings based on uncharacterized mixtures of compounds are preliminary in nature and serve primarily as hypothesis-generating to form the basis for more elaborate investigations.
ABSTRACT
Uterine fibroids (UF) are benign tumours composed of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue. UF are common among women aged 30–50 years and often present with symptoms such as anaemia, pelvic pain and bladder dysfunction. Xiao-Jie-An Capsule (XJA), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been clinically used to treat UF. However, the underlying mechanisms of its efficacy remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic effect of XJA and related mechanisms in a UF rat model. The experimental results showed that XJA significantly alleviated abnormalities in uterine morphology, tissue structure and purulent discharge in the UF rats. XJA also reduced serum oestrogen and progesterone in UF rats. Moreover, XJA decreased blood pro-inflammatory factors in UF rats by modulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that XJA decreased the expression of Bcl-2, PCNA and Ki67 while increasing the expression of Bax, indicating its role in inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. Additionally, XJA exhibited immunomodulation in UF rats. In summary, our study suggests that XJA alleviates UF by multiple targets and mechanisms, such as restoring the oestrogen–progesterone balance, reducing inflammation, inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and regulating immune function.
Summary
- Xiao-Jie-An capsule (XJA) effectively alleviates uterine fibroids (UF) in rats by restoring oestrogen–progesterone balance, reducing inflammation and modulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
- XJA inhibits cell proliferation, promotes apoptosis and enhances immune function.
- It decreases serum oestrogen and progesterone, while altering the expression of proteins like Bcl-2, PCNA, Ki67 and Bax.
- These findings suggest that XJA works through multiple mechanisms to treat UF.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request. Some data may not be made available because of privacy or ethical restrictions.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| bcpt70072-sup-0001-figS1.jpgJPEG image, 4.8 MB |
Figure S1 The morphological and hormonal characteristics of rats after 28 days of modelling process. (A and B) Representative images of uterine and ovary. Scale bar, 1 cm. (C) Uterine coefficient of rats (n = 3). (D and E) The levels of progesterone and oestradiol in serum of rats (n = 8). (E) Representative pictures of H&E staining of uterine. Data are presented as means ± SEM *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus control group. |
| bcpt70072-sup-0002-Suppl_materials1 .docxWord 2007 document , 5.4 MB |
Supporting Information S1. Figure S2. Representative images of liver tissues (A), renal medulla (B), renal cortex (C) and spleen tissues (D) by H&E staining. Scale bar, 50 μm (n = 3). Figure S3. Gene Ontology analysis of XJA treated UF. |
| bcpt70072-sup-0003-Suppl_ materials2.xlsxExcel 2007 spreadsheet , 141.7 KB |
Supporting Information S2 Supporting information. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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