Development and validation of a novel rheumatoid arthritis knowledge assessment scale in Pakistani patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Corresponding Author
Atta Abbas Naqvi
Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
Correspondence
Atta Abbas Naqvi, Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMohamed Azmi Hassali
Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
Search for more papers by this authorWajiha Iffat
Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorMadiha Zia
Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorMustajab Fatima
Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorSadia Shakeel
Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorIrfanullah Khan
Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
Search for more papers by this authorAmnah Jahangir
Department of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorBharti Kachela
Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorMuhammad Nehal Nadir
Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorImran Qureshi
Department of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorUmair Bangash
Department of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Atta Abbas Naqvi
Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
Correspondence
Atta Abbas Naqvi, Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMohamed Azmi Hassali
Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
Search for more papers by this authorWajiha Iffat
Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorMadiha Zia
Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorMustajab Fatima
Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorSadia Shakeel
Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorIrfanullah Khan
Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
Search for more papers by this authorAmnah Jahangir
Department of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorBharti Kachela
Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorMuhammad Nehal Nadir
Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorImran Qureshi
Department of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorUmair Bangash
Department of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Aim
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive disabling disease that mainly affects joints. Studies documenting Pakistani patients' knowledge regarding RA disease are lacking and there is a need for such endeavor. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a novel research tool to document patient knowledge about RA disease.
Methods
A novel research instrument known as the rheumatoid arthritis knowledge assessment scale (RAKAS) which consisted of 13 items, was formulated by a rheumatology panel and used for this study. This study was conducted in rheumatology clinics of three tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. The study was conducted in March–April 2018. Patients were recruited using a randomized computer-generated list of appointments. Sample size was calculated based on item-to-respondent ratio of 1:15. The validities, factor structure, sensitivity, reliability and internal consistency of RAKAS were assessed. The study was approved by the institutional Ethics Committee.
Results
A total of 263 patients responded to the study. Content validity was 0.93 and response rate was 89.6%. Factor analysis revealed a 3-factor structure. Fit indices, namely normed fit index (NFI), Tucker Lewis index (TLI), comparative fit index (CFI) and root mean square of error approximation (RMSEA) were calculated with satisfactory results, that is, NFI, TLI and CFI > 0.9, and RMSEA < 0.06. Internal consistency (α) was 0.62, that is, acceptable. All items had a high discrimination index, that is, >19 and difficulty index <0.95. Sensitivity and specificity of RAKAS were above 90%. The tool established construct and known group validities.
Conclusion
A novel tool to document disease knowledge in patients with RA was formulated and validated.
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