Autophagy in skin barrier and immune-related skin diseases
Chi Liu
Department of Geriatrics Center & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorLei Gu
Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Shende Hospital, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorJie Ding
Department of Gerontology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorQianchao Meng
Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorNan Li
Department of Geriatrics Center & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorGuifeng Dai
Department of Geriatrics Center & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Qinying Li
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jing’an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Correspondence
Xueyong Wu, Department of Geriatrics Center & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, 259 Xikang Road, Jing’an, Shanghai 200040, China.
Email: [email protected]
Qinying Li, Department of Rehabilitation medicine, Jing’an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xueyong Wu
Department of Geriatrics Center & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Correspondence
Xueyong Wu, Department of Geriatrics Center & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, 259 Xikang Road, Jing’an, Shanghai 200040, China.
Email: [email protected]
Qinying Li, Department of Rehabilitation medicine, Jing’an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorChi Liu
Department of Geriatrics Center & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorLei Gu
Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Shende Hospital, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorJie Ding
Department of Gerontology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorQianchao Meng
Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorNan Li
Department of Geriatrics Center & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorGuifeng Dai
Department of Geriatrics Center & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Qinying Li
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jing’an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Correspondence
Xueyong Wu, Department of Geriatrics Center & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, 259 Xikang Road, Jing’an, Shanghai 200040, China.
Email: [email protected]
Qinying Li, Department of Rehabilitation medicine, Jing’an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xueyong Wu
Department of Geriatrics Center & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Correspondence
Xueyong Wu, Department of Geriatrics Center & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, 259 Xikang Road, Jing’an, Shanghai 200040, China.
Email: [email protected]
Qinying Li, Department of Rehabilitation medicine, Jing’an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorChi Liu, Lei Gu, and Jie Ding contributed equally to this work.
Abstract
Autophagy is a process which is highly conserved in eukaryotes to degrade or recycle cytoplasmic components through lysosomes to maintain cellular homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that autophagy also plays critical roles in cell apoptosis, inflammation, pathogen clearance, and so on under stressed conditions and thereby has been linked to a variety of human disorders. The skin is the largest organ of the body and serves as the first line of defense against environmental insult. Skin as a nutrient-poor environment requires recycling of limited resources via the autophagy machinery to maintain homeostasis. Therefore, dysregulation of autophagy has been linked to skin diseases. In this review, we describe the molecular machinery and regulation of autophagy, discuss its role in keratinocytes and skin barrier, skin immune cells, and immune-related skin diseases including autoimmune skin disorders, allergic skin diseases, infectious skin disorders, and antitumor immunity against skin tumor. Finally, we highlight the potential of autophagy as a therapeutic target for immune-related skin diseases, and delivery of autophagy-related molecules (such as inducers, inhibitors, or nucleic acid molecules) by virtue of physical materials (such as nanoparticles) or biological materials (such as peptides) to skin topically may obtain clinical benefits in immune-related skin diseases. Moreover, developing autophagy-related gene product-based biomarkers may be promising to diagnose immune-related skin diseases.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
None declared.
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