Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition

Volume 62, Issue 1 pp. 80-86

Original Articles: Gastroenterology

Early Gut Colonization With Lactobacilli and Staphylococcus in Infants

The Hygiene Hypothesis Extended

Seppo Salminen,

Corresponding Author

Seppo Salminen

[email protected]

Functional Foods Forum, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Seppo Salminen, PhD, Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland (e-mail: [email protected]).Search for more papers by this author

Akihito Endo,

Akihito Endo

Functional Foods Forum, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Erika Isolauri,

Erika Isolauri

Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Deolinda Scalabrin,

Deolinda Scalabrin

Clinical Research, Department of Medical Affairs, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Evansville, IN

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Seppo Salminen,

Corresponding Author

Seppo Salminen

[email protected]

Functional Foods Forum, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Seppo Salminen, PhD, Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland (e-mail: [email protected]).Search for more papers by this author

Akihito Endo,

Akihito Endo

Functional Foods Forum, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Erika Isolauri,

Erika Isolauri

Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Deolinda Scalabrin,

Deolinda Scalabrin

Clinical Research, Department of Medical Affairs, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Evansville, IN

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First published: 01 January 2016

https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000925

Citations: 35

www.clinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT00503789.

This study was funded by Mead Johnson Nutrition.

D.S. works at Clinical Research, Department of Medical Affairs, Mead Johnson Nutrition (Evansville, IN). The other authors report no conflicts of interest.

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ABSTRACT

Objectives:

The aim of the present study was to assess the mode of delivery and type-of-feeding impact on gut microbiota. We demonstrated higher fecal bifidobacteria in infants who were breast-fed (BF) or fed formula with prebiotics polydextrose (PDX) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) versus formula without prebiotics. Here, we tested feces of that cohort for lactobacilli and Staphylococcus aureus, 2 types of bacteria present in breast milk.

Methods:

In a double-blind, randomized study, 21- to 30-day-old term infants vaginally delivered and exclusively formula-fed received a cow's milk–based formula (control, n = 80) or the same formula with 4 g/L (1:1 ratio) of PDX/GOS (PDX/GOS, n = 77). A reference BF group (n = 71) was included. Stool samples were obtained at baseline and after 30 and 60 days of feeding to assess fecal bacteria by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

Pairwise comparisons between baseline-adjusted means log₁₀ colony-forming unit per gram feces of total lactobacilli counts (8.37 in control, 8.46 in PDX/GOS, and 8.42 in BF) showed a significant difference only between PDX/GOS and control at 30 and 60 days combined (P = 0.035), utilizing generalized estimating equations method. Baseline-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of colonization with S aureus was lower in control (OR 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.22–1.00, P = 0.049) and PDX/GOS (OR 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.21–0.94, P = 0.03) groups versus the BF group.

Conclusions:

Bacteria found in breast milk, such as lactobacilli and S aureus can also be found in infant feces. S aureus, traditionally considered harmful, may aid in educating the coevolving immune system. Modifying formula by adding prebiotics may bring gut microbiota closer to that of BF infants in terms of beneficial microbes.

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Citing Literature

Volume62, Issue1

January 2016

Pages 80-86

Early Gut Colonization With Lactobacilli and Staphylococcus in Infants

The Hygiene Hypothesis Extended

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusions:

REFERENCES

Citing Literature

References

Information

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Early Gut Colonization With Lactobacilli and Staphylococcus in Infants

The Hygiene Hypothesis Extended

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusions:

REFERENCES

Citing Literature

References

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