Comparison between calcium carbonate and β-tricalcium phosphate as additives of 3D printed scaffolds with polylactic acid matrix
Corresponding Author
Ricardo Donate
Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas, Spain
Correspondence
Ricardo Donate, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMario Monzón
Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorZaida Ortega
Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorLing Wang
State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, China
Search for more papers by this authorViviana Ribeiro
3B's Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
ICVS/3Bs PT Government Associate Lab, Guimarães, Portugal
The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Pestana
Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorJoaquim M. Oliveira
3B's Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
ICVS/3Bs PT Government Associate Lab, Guimarães, Portugal
The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorRui L. Reis
3B's Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
ICVS/3Bs PT Government Associate Lab, Guimarães, Portugal
The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Ricardo Donate
Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas, Spain
Correspondence
Ricardo Donate, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMario Monzón
Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorZaida Ortega
Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorLing Wang
State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, China
Search for more papers by this authorViviana Ribeiro
3B's Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
ICVS/3Bs PT Government Associate Lab, Guimarães, Portugal
The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Pestana
Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorJoaquim M. Oliveira
3B's Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
ICVS/3Bs PT Government Associate Lab, Guimarães, Portugal
The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorRui L. Reis
3B's Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
ICVS/3Bs PT Government Associate Lab, Guimarães, Portugal
The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
In this study, polylactic acid (PLA)-based composite scaffolds with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) were obtained by 3D printing. These structures were evaluated as potential 3D structures for bone tissue regeneration. Morphological, mechanical, and biological tests were carried out in order to compare the effect of each additive (added in a concentration of 5% w/w) and the combination of both (2.5% w/w of each one), on the PLA matrix. The scaffolds manufactured had a mean pore size between 400–425 μm and a porosity value in the range of 50–60%. According to the results, both additives promoted an increase of the porosity, hydrophilicity, and surface roughness of the scaffolds, leading to a significant improvement of the metabolic activity of human osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells. The best results in terms of cell attachment after 7 days were obtained for the samples containing CaCO3 and β-TCP particles due to the synergistic effect of both additives, which results in an increase in osteoconductivity and in a microporosity that favours cell adhesion. These scaffolds (PLA:CaCO3:β-TCP 95:2.5:2.5) have suitable properties to be further evaluated for bone tissue engineering applications.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; and in the decision to publish the results.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| term2990-sup-0001_F1.tifTIFF image, 5 MB |
Figure S1. Mechanical properties under 3 points bending testing of the non-porous samples manufactured by compression moulding. |
| term2990-sup-0002_F2.tifTIFF image, 5.1 MB |
Figure S2. Mechanical properties of the 3D printed scaffolds under 3 points bending testing (*p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared to the group of pure PLA samples). |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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