Heterogeneity During the Formation of Waterborne Barrier Coating Revealed by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy
Haiqin Du
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
Search for more papers by this authorYifan Xu
Dow Chemical Pacific (Singapore) Private Limited, Singapore, 138628 Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorQiangqiang Yan
The Dow Chemical Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
Search for more papers by this authorZhongqi Liu
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
Search for more papers by this authorPilan Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
Search for more papers by this authorShiwen Cui
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
Search for more papers by this authorGuangrong Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
Search for more papers by this authorZhihong Nie
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yifei Xu
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorHaiqin Du
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
Search for more papers by this authorYifan Xu
Dow Chemical Pacific (Singapore) Private Limited, Singapore, 138628 Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorQiangqiang Yan
The Dow Chemical Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
Search for more papers by this authorZhongqi Liu
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
Search for more papers by this authorPilan Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
Search for more papers by this authorShiwen Cui
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
Search for more papers by this authorGuangrong Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
Search for more papers by this authorZhihong Nie
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yifei Xu
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Imaging the film formation process of waterborne barrier coatings in situ with nanoscopic resolution is very challenging, which limits the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and rational design of the materials. Here this challenge is tackled using in situ cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM) in combination with electron tomography (cryoET), which allows 3D imaging of the process with <1 nm resolution. By monitoring the film formation process of poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (EMAA) ionomer dispersion, onion-like nano-aggregates are captured. These aggregates can be removed by weakening the interactions between EMAA particles via adding amino alcohol coalescing agents or increasing the EMAA neutralization degree, which improves the barrier property of the coating simultaneously, indicating the importance of these heterogeneities to the material performance. The study benefits a better understanding of the formation kinetics of waterborne coatings, and demonstrates cryoTEM as an efficient method for studying the film formation process in situ.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available in the Supporting Information of this article.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| smtd202401527-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx1.6 MB | Supporting Information |
| smtd202401527-sup-0002-MovieS1.mp436 MB | Supplemental Movie 1 |
| smtd202401527-sup-0003-MovieS2.mp418.8 MB | Supplemental Movie 2 |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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