Volume 9, Issue 7 2401135
Research Article

Spatial-Temporal Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy for Evaluating Ionic Velocity in Solid-State Electrolytes

Fang Wang

Fang Wang

Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faulty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074 China

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055 China

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055 China

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Shi Cheng

Shi Cheng

Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faulty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074 China

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Xuyang Wang

Xuyang Wang

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055 China

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055 China

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Chunlin Song

Chunlin Song

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055 China

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055 China

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Jiangyu Li

Jiangyu Li

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055 China

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055 China

Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055 China

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Hongyun Jin

Corresponding Author

Hongyun Jin

Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faulty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074 China

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

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Boyuan Huang

Corresponding Author

Boyuan Huang

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055 China

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055 China

Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055 China

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

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First published: 17 June 2025

Abstract

Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with high ionic conductivity are crucial for the development of high-performance all-solid-state batteries. While a growing number of strategies based on nanoengineering are emerging to enhance the ionic conductivity of SSEs, understanding nanoscale ionic transport remains a nontrivial challenge. In this work, a simple yet effective approach is developed for in situ measuring microscopic ionic velocity in SSEs. Ionic transport under an electric field is directly captured using spatial-temporal scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM). This method reliably quantifies the microscopic ionic conductivity of SSEs, consistent with the results of macroscopic electrochemical impedance spectra, while providing nanoscale spatial resolution that is essential for comprehending ionic migration in nanostructured systems. The spatial-temporal SKPM, validated on LiZr2(PO4)3 and Li1.05Zr1.95Fe0.05(PO4)3, can be further extended to other SSEs for direct visualization of ionic migration dynamics. This work contributes to the understanding of ionic transport mechanisms and paves the way for advancements in the ionic conductivity of SSEs.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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