Review
Synthesis, Applications, and Prospects of Graphene Quantum Dots: A Comprehensive Review
Ahmadreza Ghaffarkhah,
Ehsan Hosseini,
Milad Kamkar,
Ali Akbari Sehat,
Sara Dordanihaghighi,
Ahmad Allahbakhsh,
Colin van der Kuur,
Mohammad Arjmand,
Ahmadreza Ghaffarkhah
Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorEhsan Hosseini
Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorMilad Kamkar
Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorAli Akbari Sehat
Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorSara Dordanihaghighi
Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorAhmad Allahbakhsh
Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorColin van der Kuur
ZEN Graphene Solutions, 210–1205 Amber Dr., Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6M4 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Mohammad Arjmand
Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7 Canada
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAhmadreza Ghaffarkhah,
Ehsan Hosseini,
Milad Kamkar,
Ali Akbari Sehat,
Sara Dordanihaghighi,
Ahmad Allahbakhsh,
Colin van der Kuur,
Mohammad Arjmand,
Ahmadreza Ghaffarkhah
Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorEhsan Hosseini
Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorMilad Kamkar
Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorAli Akbari Sehat
Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorSara Dordanihaghighi
Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorAhmad Allahbakhsh
Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorColin van der Kuur
ZEN Graphene Solutions, 210–1205 Amber Dr., Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6M4 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Mohammad Arjmand
Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7 Canada
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Graphene quantum dot (GQD) is one of the youngest superstars of the carbon family. Since its emergence in 2008, GQD has attracted a great deal of attention due to its unique optoelectrical properties. Non-zero bandgap, the ability to accommodate functional groups and dopants, excellent dispersibility, highly tunable properties, and biocompatibility are among the most important characteristics of GQDs. To date, GQDs have displayed significant momentum in numerous fields such as energy devices, catalysis, sensing, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, drug delivery, and bioimaging. As this field is rapidly evolving, there is a strong need to identify the emerging challenges of GQDs in recent advances, mainly because some novel applications and numerous innovations on the ease of synthesis of GQDs are not systematically reviewed in earlier studies. This feature article provides a comparative and balanced discussion of recent advances in synthesis, properties, and applications of GQDs. Besides, current challenges and future prospects of these emerging carbon-based nanomaterials are also highlighted. The outlook provided in this review points out that the future of GQD research is boundless, particularly if upcoming studies focus on the ease of purification and eco-friendly synthesis along with improving the photoluminescence quantum yield and production yield of GQDs.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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