How COVID-19 Treatment in Pregnancy Reflects Healthcare Utilization During a Pandemic: A Two-Stage Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis Combining Case-Based Registries
Corresponding Author
Emeline Maisonneuve
Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department “Femme-Mère-Enfant”, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Graduate School for Health Sciences (GHS), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Obstetrics Department, Zürich University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
Correspondence:
Emeline Maisonneuve ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorOdette De Bruin
Department of Data Science and Biostatistics, Julius Global Health, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorGuillaume Favre
Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department “Femme-Mère-Enfant”, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Riviera-Chablais Hospital, Rennaz, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorErin Oakley
Department of Global Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJenny Yeon Hee Kim
Department of Global Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFouzia Farooq
Department of Global Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorNouf Al-Fadel
Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Search for more papers by this authorAbdulaali Almutairi
Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Search for more papers by this authorMaria del Mar Gil
Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Madrid, Spain
Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
School of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorIrene Fernandez Buhigas
Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Madrid, Spain
School of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorFernanda Surita
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorRenato T. Souza
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorJosé G. Cecatti
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorMaria Laura Costa
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorJose Sanin-Blair
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Fundared-Materna, Medellín, Colombia
Search for more papers by this authorJorge E. Tolosa
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Fundared-Materna, Medellín, Colombia
St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA
Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA
Search for more papers by this authorEran Hadar
Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, and the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorAnna Goncé
Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, BCNatal—Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorChristophe Poncelet
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital NOVO Site de Pontoise, Cergy-Pontoise, France
Search for more papers by this authorFabienne Forestier
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital NOVO Site de Pontoise, Cergy-Pontoise, France
Search for more papers by this authorThibaud Quibel
Department of Obstetrics, Maternité Poissy Saint Germain, Poissy, France
Search for more papers by this authorBegoña Martinez de Tejada
Obstetrics Division, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorBéatrice Eggel-Hort
Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department “Femme-Mère-Enfant”, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorRomina Capoccia Brugger
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RHNE, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel Surbek
Department of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorLuigi Raio
Department of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorAnda-Petronela Radan
Department of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorMonya Todesco-Bernasconi
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorCécile Monod
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorLeonard Schäffer
Division of Obstetrics, Baden Cantonal Hospital, Baden, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorAnett Harnadi
Division of Obstetrics, Baden Cantonal Hospital, Baden, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorSayed Hamid Mousavi
Medical Research Center, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan
Department of Research, Afghanistan National Charity Organization for Special Diseases (ANCOSD), Kabul, Afghanistan
Search for more papers by this authorDiogo Ayres-de-Campos
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Lisbon; Santa Maria University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorLéo Pomar
Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department “Femme-Mère-Enfant”, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
School of Health Sciences (HESAV), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorJoanna Sichitiu
Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department “Femme-Mère-Enfant”, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorLaurent J. Salomon
Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorYves Ville
Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorAndrea Papadia
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorMarie-Claude Rossier
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Riviera-Chablais Hospital, Rennaz, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorLavinia Schuler-Faccini
Departamento de Genética, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorNatalya Goncalves Pereira
Department of Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital e Maternidade Sepaco, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorAdolfo Etchegaray
Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorAlbaro Jose Nieto-Calvache
Departamenteo de Ginecologia y Obstetricia, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Geary
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Search for more papers by this authorJaviera Fuenzalida
Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Search for more papers by this authorClaudia Grawe
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stadtspital Triemli, Zürich, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorAlbert I. Ko
Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSilke Johann
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital of the Upper Valais, Visp, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorMarco De Santis
Telefono Rosso, Teratology Information Service, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorCora Alexandra Voekt
Department of Obstetrics, Grabs Hospital, Grabs, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorNajeh Hcini
West French Guiana Hospital Center, University of French Guiana, Saint Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana
Search for more papers by this authorKarin Nielsen-Saines
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCharles Garabedian
Department of Obstetrics, CHU Lille, Univ Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS, Lille, France
Search for more papers by this authorLoïc Sentilhes
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
Search for more papers by this authorOtto H. May Feuerschuette
Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Hospital Universitário Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, HU-UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorGrit Vetter
Department of Obstetrics, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorManggala Pasca Wardhana
Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga—Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Search for more papers by this authorIrida Dajti
Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, “Koco Gliozheni’ University Hospital, Tirana, Albania
Search for more papers by this authorKitty W. M. Bloemenkamp
Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorSatu J. Siiskonen
Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorEmily R. Smith
Department of Global Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Baud
Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department “Femme-Mère-Enfant”, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorAlice Panchaud
Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Service of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorMiriam C. J. M. Sturkenboom
Department of Data Science and Biostatistics, Julius Global Health, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Emeline Maisonneuve
Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department “Femme-Mère-Enfant”, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Graduate School for Health Sciences (GHS), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Obstetrics Department, Zürich University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
Correspondence:
Emeline Maisonneuve ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorOdette De Bruin
Department of Data Science and Biostatistics, Julius Global Health, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorGuillaume Favre
Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department “Femme-Mère-Enfant”, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Riviera-Chablais Hospital, Rennaz, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorErin Oakley
Department of Global Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJenny Yeon Hee Kim
Department of Global Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFouzia Farooq
Department of Global Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorNouf Al-Fadel
Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Search for more papers by this authorAbdulaali Almutairi
Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Search for more papers by this authorMaria del Mar Gil
Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Madrid, Spain
Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
School of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorIrene Fernandez Buhigas
Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Madrid, Spain
School of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorFernanda Surita
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorRenato T. Souza
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorJosé G. Cecatti
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorMaria Laura Costa
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorJose Sanin-Blair
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Fundared-Materna, Medellín, Colombia
Search for more papers by this authorJorge E. Tolosa
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Fundared-Materna, Medellín, Colombia
St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA
Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA
Search for more papers by this authorEran Hadar
Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, and the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorAnna Goncé
Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, BCNatal—Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorChristophe Poncelet
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital NOVO Site de Pontoise, Cergy-Pontoise, France
Search for more papers by this authorFabienne Forestier
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital NOVO Site de Pontoise, Cergy-Pontoise, France
Search for more papers by this authorThibaud Quibel
Department of Obstetrics, Maternité Poissy Saint Germain, Poissy, France
Search for more papers by this authorBegoña Martinez de Tejada
Obstetrics Division, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorBéatrice Eggel-Hort
Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department “Femme-Mère-Enfant”, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorRomina Capoccia Brugger
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RHNE, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel Surbek
Department of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorLuigi Raio
Department of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorAnda-Petronela Radan
Department of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorMonya Todesco-Bernasconi
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorCécile Monod
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorLeonard Schäffer
Division of Obstetrics, Baden Cantonal Hospital, Baden, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorAnett Harnadi
Division of Obstetrics, Baden Cantonal Hospital, Baden, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorSayed Hamid Mousavi
Medical Research Center, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan
Department of Research, Afghanistan National Charity Organization for Special Diseases (ANCOSD), Kabul, Afghanistan
Search for more papers by this authorDiogo Ayres-de-Campos
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Lisbon; Santa Maria University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorLéo Pomar
Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department “Femme-Mère-Enfant”, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
School of Health Sciences (HESAV), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorJoanna Sichitiu
Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department “Femme-Mère-Enfant”, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorLaurent J. Salomon
Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorYves Ville
Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorAndrea Papadia
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorMarie-Claude Rossier
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Riviera-Chablais Hospital, Rennaz, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorLavinia Schuler-Faccini
Departamento de Genética, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorNatalya Goncalves Pereira
Department of Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital e Maternidade Sepaco, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorAdolfo Etchegaray
Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorAlbaro Jose Nieto-Calvache
Departamenteo de Ginecologia y Obstetricia, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Geary
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Search for more papers by this authorJaviera Fuenzalida
Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Search for more papers by this authorClaudia Grawe
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stadtspital Triemli, Zürich, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorAlbert I. Ko
Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSilke Johann
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital of the Upper Valais, Visp, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorMarco De Santis
Telefono Rosso, Teratology Information Service, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorCora Alexandra Voekt
Department of Obstetrics, Grabs Hospital, Grabs, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorNajeh Hcini
West French Guiana Hospital Center, University of French Guiana, Saint Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana
Search for more papers by this authorKarin Nielsen-Saines
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCharles Garabedian
Department of Obstetrics, CHU Lille, Univ Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS, Lille, France
Search for more papers by this authorLoïc Sentilhes
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
Search for more papers by this authorOtto H. May Feuerschuette
Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Hospital Universitário Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, HU-UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorGrit Vetter
Department of Obstetrics, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorManggala Pasca Wardhana
Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga—Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Search for more papers by this authorIrida Dajti
Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, “Koco Gliozheni’ University Hospital, Tirana, Albania
Search for more papers by this authorKitty W. M. Bloemenkamp
Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorSatu J. Siiskonen
Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorEmily R. Smith
Department of Global Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Baud
Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department “Femme-Mère-Enfant”, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorAlice Panchaud
Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Service of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorMiriam C. J. M. Sturkenboom
Department of Data Science and Biostatistics, Julius Global Health, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorFunding: This study is part of the CONSIGN project funded by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) (SC04, FWC EMA/2018/28/PE, Lot 4). The participating sites had different funding to allow the primary data collection. COVI-PREG has been funded by the Swiss Federal Office for Public Health and the Lausanne University Hospital foundation. The George Washington University sequential prospective meta-analysis is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-022057 to Emily Smith) (this doesn't include the funding for participating countries).
Alice Panchaud and Miriam C.J.M. Sturkenboom equally contributed to this study.
ABSTRACT
Purpose
To describe an international response to the COVID-19 pandemic by estimating the prevalence of medication use for COVID-19 treatment in pregnancy, stratified by hospitalization, trimester of pregnancy, and country.
Methods
We conducted a two-stage individual participant data meta-analysis of proportions from primary data on medications used to treat COVID-19 during pregnancy. A common data model was developed to pool the data from single-country and international registries. Data from pregnant individuals with COVID-19 between February 2020 and October 2022 were included in study platforms across 9 data sources. Patient information was abstracted from medical records.
Results
Among 24 937 pregnant individuals, the pooled prevalences of individuals receiving medications to treat COVID-19 were: 34.7% heparin, 9.8% antibiotics, 4.9% corticosteroids, 2.2% antivirals, 0.8% antimalarials, 0.3% convalescent plasma, 0.2% immunosuppressants, and 0.02% monoclonal antibodies. Prevalence of medication use was higher in hospitalized individuals than in non-hospitalized individuals: 58.4% versus 17.9% for heparin, 26.9% versus 5.7% for antibiotics, 17.5% versus 1.3% for corticosteroids, 10.3% versus 0.3% for antivirals, and 4.5% versus 0.1% for antimalarials. The prevalence of corticosteroid use was lower in the first trimester (0.1%) compared with the second (7.2%) and third (4.9%) trimesters of pregnancy. The prevalence of medications differed widely across countries.
Conclusion
Medication to treat COVID-19 was more frequently used in pregnant individuals hospitalized for COVID-19. Corticosteroids were used less in the first trimester of pregnancy. The differences in use between countries could reflect differences in the clinical management and access to medications for this population at risk of severe disease.
Conflicts of Interest
Begoña Martinez de Tejada received consultancy fees from Exeltis and Effik about medication for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| pds70180-sup-0001-supinfo.docxWord 2007 document , 3.6 MB |
Data S1. Supporting Information. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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