Invited Reviews
Effects of alcohol on skeletal and cardiac muscle
Alvaro Urbano-Márquez MD, PhD,
Joaquim Fernández-Solà MD PhD,
Corresponding Author
Alvaro Urbano-Márquez MD, PhD
Alcohol Research Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Suyner, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain
Alcohol Research Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Suyner, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorJoaquim Fernández-Solà MD PhD
Alcohol Research Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Suyner, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorAlvaro Urbano-Márquez MD, PhD,
Joaquim Fernández-Solà MD PhD,
Corresponding Author
Alvaro Urbano-Márquez MD, PhD
Alcohol Research Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Suyner, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain
Alcohol Research Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Suyner, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorJoaquim Fernández-Solà MD PhD
Alcohol Research Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Suyner, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The acute and chronic toxic effects of alcohol on skeletal and cardiac muscle are clinically important. Muscle weakness and atrophy are the main manifestations of skeletal myopathy, and arrhythmias and progressive left-ventricular dysfunction are those of cardiomyopathy. Most patients remain asymptomatic from these effects for a long time. Myocyte atrophy and death are the main pathological findings. A clear dose-related effect has been established with ethanol consumption, with gender and some specific gene polymorphisms being factors of increased susceptibility to alcohol-induced muscle damage. Pathogenic mechanisms are pleiotropic, the most relevant being disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and energy cell turnover, signal transduction, and induction of apoptosis and gene dysregulation. Ethanol abstinence is the only effective treatment, although controlled drinking is useful in patients who do not achieve abstinence. Persistent high-dose consumption results in deterioration of muscle and heart function, with a high mortality due to arrhythmias and progression of heart failure. Muscle Nerve, 2004
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