A torque balance measurement of anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility in white matter
Corresponding Author
Peter van Gelderen
Advanced MRI section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Correspondence to: Peter van Gelderen, Ph.D., AMRI, LFMI, NINDS, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Room B1D-725, Bethesda, MD 20892. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorHendrik Mandelkow
Advanced MRI section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJacco A. de Zwart
Advanced MRI section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJeff H. Duyn
Advanced MRI section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Peter van Gelderen
Advanced MRI section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Correspondence to: Peter van Gelderen, Ph.D., AMRI, LFMI, NINDS, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Room B1D-725, Bethesda, MD 20892. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorHendrik Mandelkow
Advanced MRI section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJacco A. de Zwart
Advanced MRI section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJeff H. Duyn
Advanced MRI section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Purpose
Recent MRI studies have suggested that the magnetic susceptibility of white matter (WM) in the human brain is anisotropic, providing a new contrast mechanism for the visualization of fiber bundles and allowing the extraction of cellular compartment-specific information. This study provides an independent confirmation and quantification of this anisotropy.
Methods
Anisotropic magnetic susceptibility results in a torque exerted on WM when placed in a uniform magnetic field, tending to align the WM fibers with the field. To quantify the effect, excised spinal cord samples were placed in a torque balance inside the magnet of a 7 T MRI system and the magnetic torque was measured as function of orientation.
Results
All tissue samples (n = 5) showed orienting effects, confirming the presence of anisotropic susceptibility. Analysis of the magnetic torque resulted in reproducible values for the WM volume anisotropy that ranged from 13.6 to 19.2 ppb.
Conclusion
The independently determined anisotropy values confirm estimates inferred from MRI experiments and validate the use of anisotropy to extract novel information about brain fiber structure and myelination. Magn Reson Med 74:1388–1396, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supporting Information
Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| mrm25524-sup-0001-suppinfo01.mov3.7 MB |
SUPPORTING INFORMATION MOVIE S1. A movie of a rotation experiment with the control (water) sample played at 6× the actual speed, showing that the sample tube follows the rotator wheel over the course of the demonstration, independent of the applied 7 T magnetic field (in the left-right direction). Note that the rotations for this demonstration were executed at much shorter intervals than for the real experiments, which lasted for 30–60 minutes. |
| mrm25524-sup-0002-suppinfo02.mov6.4 MB |
SUPPORTING INFORMATION MOVIE S2. A movie of a rotation experiment with a spinal cord sample played at 6× the actual speed. The spinal cord shows a clear preference for the orientation parallel to the magnetic field (left-right in the movie), suddenly flipping only when the spring torque exceeds the magnetic torque keeping it aligned with the field. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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