Multiecho coarse voxel acquisition for neurofeedback fMRI†
Audrey Y.-C. Kuo
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorMark Chiew
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorFred Tam
Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorCharles Cunningham
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Simon J. Graham
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario Centre for Stroke Recovery, Ontario, Canada
Rotman Research Insitute, Rm 1060, Baycrest, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1===Search for more papers by this authorAudrey Y.-C. Kuo
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorMark Chiew
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorFred Tam
Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorCharles Cunningham
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Simon J. Graham
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario Centre for Stroke Recovery, Ontario, Canada
Rotman Research Insitute, Rm 1060, Baycrest, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1===Search for more papers by this authorThis article was presented in part at the 17th Annual Meeting of the ISMRM, Hawaii, USA.
Abstract
“Real-time” functional magnetic resonance imaging is starting to be used in neurofeedback applications, enabling individuals to regulate their brain activity for therapeutic purposes. These applications use two-dimensional multislice echo planar or spiral readouts to image the entire brain volume, often with a much smaller region of interest within the brain monitored for feedback purposes. Given that such brain activity should be sampled rapidly, it is worthwhile considering alternative functional magnetic resonance imaging pulse sequences that trade spatial resolution for temporal resolution. We developed a prototype sequence localizing a column of magnetization by outer volume saturation, from which densely sampled transverse relaxation time decays are obtained at coarse voxel locations using an asymmetric gradient echo train. For 5 × 20 × 20 mm3 voxels, 256 echoes are sampled at ∼1 msec and then combined in weighted summation to increase functional magnetic resonance imaging signal contrast. This multiecho coarse voxel pulse sequence is shown experimentally at 1.5 T to provide the same signal contrast to noise ratio as obtained by spiral imaging for a primary motor cortex region of interest, but with potential for enhanced temporal resolution. A neurofeedback experiment also illustrates measurement and calculation of functional magnetic resonance imaging signals within 1 sec, emphasizing the future potential of the approach. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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