Disparities in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Among Hispanic Population Living in Latin America Versus the United States
Corresponding Author
Gabriel De la Cruz Ku
Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
Correspondence: Gabriel De la Cruz Ku ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorAnshumi Desai
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAlanna Hickey
Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBryan Valcarcel
Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCarly Wareham
Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAlexandra Hernandez
Department of Surgery, University of Miami Medical School, Miami, Florida, USA
Search for more papers by this authorEva Esperanza Arias-Rivera
Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
Search for more papers by this authorDiego Chambergo-Michilot
Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Linshaw
Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorGonzalo Ziegler-Rodriguez
Division of Surgical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, Peru
Search for more papers by this authorSarah M. Persing
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorChristopher Homsy
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAbhishek Chatterjee
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSalvatore M. Nardello
Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Gabriel De la Cruz Ku
Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
Correspondence: Gabriel De la Cruz Ku ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorAnshumi Desai
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAlanna Hickey
Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBryan Valcarcel
Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCarly Wareham
Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAlexandra Hernandez
Department of Surgery, University of Miami Medical School, Miami, Florida, USA
Search for more papers by this authorEva Esperanza Arias-Rivera
Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
Search for more papers by this authorDiego Chambergo-Michilot
Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Linshaw
Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorGonzalo Ziegler-Rodriguez
Division of Surgical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, Peru
Search for more papers by this authorSarah M. Persing
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorChristopher Homsy
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAbhishek Chatterjee
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSalvatore M. Nardello
Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorABSTRACT
Introduction
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a prevalence of 12%–24% in the Hispanic population. Previous research has demonstrated that disparities in healthcare access significantly influence patient outcomes. We aimed to compare the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of Hispanic females with TNBC living in Latin America (HPLA) to the Hispanic population in the United States (HPUS).
Methods
We evaluated two retrospective cohorts: patients diagnosed with TNBC at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, Peru, during 2000–2015, and HPUS patients with TNBC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER).
Results
A total of 2007 HPLA and 8457 HPUS patients were included. The HPLA patients were younger and more frequently lived in nonmetropolitan areas. HPLA had higher T and N (p < 0.001) stages. HPLA patients were more likely to present with Stage III disease (51.6% vs. 20.8%), while Stage IV presentations were similar 6.6% vs. 6.8%. HPLA patients with Stages I and II more frequently underwent mastectomy compared to HPUS (56.2 vs. 48.0%). HPLA patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.001), adjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.001), and radiotherapy (p < 0.001) more often. While early breast cancer stages had similar overall survival (OS) rates for both populations, HPLA patients had worse 5-year OS rates compared to HPUS patients in Stages III (39.9% vs. 52.3%, p < 0.001) and IV (4.6% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Hispanic females living in Latin America were more frequently diagnosed with advanced stages of TNBC and more often underwent mastectomy, even in early-stage disease. When analyzing advanced stages, HPLA had worse OS rates compared to HPUS.
Conflicts of Interest
Dr. Chatterjee is a consultant for 3M and Royal, Molnylcke, and Dilon. Dr. Nardello received honoraria from Dilon Technologies, Hologic, and Molli. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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