Volume 131, Issue 7 pp. 1258-1271
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Disparities in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Among Hispanic Population Living in Latin America Versus the United States

Gabriel De la Cruz Ku

Corresponding Author

Gabriel De la Cruz Ku

Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru

Correspondence: Gabriel De la Cruz Ku ([email protected])

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Anshumi Desai

Anshumi Desai

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA

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Alanna Hickey

Alanna Hickey

Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA

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Bryan Valcarcel

Bryan Valcarcel

Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA

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Carly Wareham

Carly Wareham

Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Alexandra Hernandez

Alexandra Hernandez

Department of Surgery, University of Miami Medical School, Miami, Florida, USA

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Eva Esperanza Arias-Rivera

Eva Esperanza Arias-Rivera

Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru

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Diego Chambergo-Michilot

Diego Chambergo-Michilot

Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru

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David Linshaw

David Linshaw

Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA

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Gonzalo Ziegler-Rodriguez

Gonzalo Ziegler-Rodriguez

Division of Surgical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, Peru

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Sarah M. Persing

Sarah M. Persing

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Christopher Homsy

Christopher Homsy

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Abhishek Chatterjee

Abhishek Chatterjee

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Salvatore M. Nardello

Salvatore M. Nardello

Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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First published: 13 January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a prevalence of 12%–24% in the Hispanic population. Previous research has demonstrated that disparities in healthcare access significantly influence patient outcomes. We aimed to compare the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of Hispanic females with TNBC living in Latin America (HPLA) to the Hispanic population in the United States (HPUS).

Methods

We evaluated two retrospective cohorts: patients diagnosed with TNBC at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, Peru, during 2000–2015, and HPUS patients with TNBC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER).

Results

A total of 2007 HPLA and 8457 HPUS patients were included. The HPLA patients were younger and more frequently lived in nonmetropolitan areas. HPLA had higher T and N (p < 0.001) stages. HPLA patients were more likely to present with Stage III disease (51.6% vs. 20.8%), while Stage IV presentations were similar 6.6% vs. 6.8%. HPLA patients with Stages I and II more frequently underwent mastectomy compared to HPUS (56.2 vs. 48.0%). HPLA patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.001), adjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.001), and radiotherapy (p < 0.001) more often. While early breast cancer stages had similar overall survival (OS) rates for both populations, HPLA patients had worse 5-year OS rates compared to HPUS patients in Stages III (39.9% vs. 52.3%, p < 0.001) and IV (4.6% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Hispanic females living in Latin America were more frequently diagnosed with advanced stages of TNBC and more often underwent mastectomy, even in early-stage disease. When analyzing advanced stages, HPLA had worse OS rates compared to HPUS.

Conflicts of Interest

Dr. Chatterjee is a consultant for 3M and Royal, Molnylcke, and Dilon. Dr. Nardello received honoraria from Dilon Technologies, Hologic, and Molli. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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